24 citations
,
March 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Testosterone treatment in transgender teens can worsen acne, requiring careful treatment due to mental health and medication side effects.
October 2019 in “European heart journal” Androgen-deprivation therapies increase the risk of certain heart conditions, but testosterone treatment may help.
26 citations
,
January 2014 in “ALTEX” Pesticides can cause reproductive and adrenal health issues.
Testosterone raises blood pressure by affecting kidney function and brain gene regulation over time.
1 citations
,
July 2010 in “PubMed” January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
23 citations
,
July 2015 in “The Journal of Membrane Biology” Testosterone increases certain proteins in the uterus, reducing fluid volume.
December 1981 in “Pediatric Research”
36 citations
,
June 2001 in “Neuroscience Letters” Finasteride may affect fetal brain development and increase arousal, but more research is needed for safety confirmation.
1 citations
,
March 2025 in “Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria” Exposure to certain chemicals in food and containers may increase the risk of early breast development in young girls.
10 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Testosterone increases hair growth and acne in transgender men.
2 citations
,
July 2020 in “Behavioural Brain Research” Changing neuroactive steroids in baby male rats affects their memory and learning differently as they grow up.
98 citations
,
July 1983 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Individuals with this condition often develop male traits and identities at puberty despite being raised as females.
31 citations
,
January 2001 in “PubMed”
67 citations
,
February 1997 in “Teratology” Finasteride, when given in high oral doses to pregnant monkeys, caused genital abnormalities in male fetuses, but not in female fetuses or those exposed to intravenous finasteride.
August 2011 in “Reproductive Toxicology” 24 citations
,
October 2012 in “The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology” Testosterone protects female heart cells from stress by activating estrogen receptors.
18 citations
,
June 2016 in “PeerJ” Testosterone increases certain kidney protein levels, potentially raising blood pressure.
10 citations
,
October 2012 in “Andrology” Prostate cancer can progress even with low testosterone due to internal hormone production in the tumor.
4 citations
,
January 2013 in “PubMed” Testosterone and finasteride raise insulin and zinc, lower chromium in male rats.
9 citations
,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
110 citations
,
October 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An 8-year-old boy's early puberty was caused by a rare hormone-secreting brain tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.
13 citations
,
January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
1 citations
,
April 2021 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology” Testosterone plays a big role in heart and nervous system damage caused by inflammation in male rats, suggesting that blocking testosterone production could help manage this condition.
May 2025 in “Neuropharmacology” Finasteride reduced seizures and prevented cognitive issues in rats after neonatal asphyxia but increased anxiety later.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
August 2003 in “Oncology Times” The trial on testosterone replacement therapy in older men faced concerns due to prostate cancer risk.
12 citations
,
February 1975 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy improved symptoms in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.