The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.
October 1995 in “Pediatric Research” 15 citations
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June 1986 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Androgens increase pigmentation in young hamsters, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
2 citations
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March 2003 in “Endocrine Practice” The woman's symptoms and tests suggest her adrenal glands are producing too many male hormones.
5 citations
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October 2010 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.
1 citations
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April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgens in male rats increased estrogen and made them more active.
94 citations
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April 2002 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A new gene mutation causes female pseudohermaphroditism due to glucocorticoid resistance.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
110 citations
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January 1984 in “Progress in brain research” Gonadal hormones may influence sex differences in play fighting in animals, but their effect on human spatial behavior is unclear and needs more research.
January 2020 in “Nihon Yakuri Gakkai nenkai yoshishu” Reducing 5α-reductase activity helps endometrial cells differentiate, aiding pregnancy.
5 citations
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December 2004 in “Dermatology” Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Women with hair loss have higher androgen levels, while men with early balding have altered androgen ratios.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
1 citations
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August 2015 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” A new gene mutation causes complete androgen insensitivity in a 16-year-old with a female appearance.
4 citations
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January 1989 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Women with hyperandrogenism have higher androgen levels and lower SHBG, which may contribute to conditions like excessive hair growth and early puberty.
3 citations
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February 2021 in “JAMA Dermatology” Masculinizing hormone therapy increases the risk of hair loss in transgender and gender-diverse patients.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
1 citations
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January 2015 in “Journal of Clinical Toxicology” Babies were mostly born healthy from fathers who took finasteride, but some pregnancies ended early; more research is needed.
11 citations
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January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A woman with a rare adrenal tumor and hormonal disorder had improved testosterone levels after surgery, but her menstrual irregularities continued.
5 citations
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December 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.
8 citations
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May 1996 in “Endocrinology” Certain adrenal hormones can strongly stimulate oil gland growth in hamster skin, similar to male hormones.
February 2024 in “Brain research bulletin” Blocking androgen activity in newborn rats affects body weight and appetite-related hormones differently in males and females.
January 2004 in “Banca y finanzas: Revista profesional de gestión financiera” Androgens increase pigmentation in certain hamster skin areas, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
47 citations
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June 2016 in “JAMA Dermatology” Men with early hair loss have similar hormone levels to women with PCOS, possibly increasing risk of obesity and heart issues.
March 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Early-onset hair loss in Egyptian males is linked to genetics, hormones, and lifestyle factors like smoking and diet.
7 citations
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August 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia showed no prostatic growth.
March 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” Hair loss, prostate size, and urinary issues are related due to androgen effects.
186 citations
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February 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” During puberty, hormone levels rise, with early increases in some steroids and most menstrual cycles becoming regular by six years after menarche.
1 citations
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August 2019 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” A new genetic change causing early stop in the androgen receptor gene was found in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.
36 citations
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May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.