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Did you mean Protein Kinase C?

GlossaryProtein Kinase C

enzymes that regulate various cellular functions by phosphorylating proteins

Protein Kinase C (PKC) is a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in several cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). These enzymes are activated by signals such as increases in the concentration of calcium ions or diacylglycerol (DAG), and they function by phosphorylating various target proteins, thereby altering their activity. PKC is significant in many physiological and pathological processes, making it a key focus in research related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.

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research Protein Kinase C δ Overexpressing Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Chemically but not to UV Radiation–Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Possible Link to Specific Cytokines and Cyclooxygenase-2

35 citations , January 2006 in “Cancer Research”

Mice with extra PKCδ resist chemical-induced skin cancer but not UV-induced.

research Protein Kinase Cε, which Sensitizes Skin to Sun's UV Radiation–Induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Associates with Stat3

76 citations , February 2007 in “Cancer Research”

Protein Kinase Cε increases skin sensitivity to UV damage and skin cancer risk.

research Topical Application of a Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Reduces Skin and Hair Pigmentation

60 citations , January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Applying a specific inhibitor lightens skin and hair color.

research Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light-induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism¶

28 citations , January 2005 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology”

Protein kinase C epsilon may increase skin cancer risk by affecting nearby cells.

Protein Kinase C Epsilon, Which Is Linked to Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Stimulates Rapid Turnover of Adult Hair Follicle Stem Cells

research Protein Kinase Cε, Which Is Linked to Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Stimulates Rapid Turnover of Adult Hair Follicle Stem Cells

10 citations , January 2013 in “Journal of skin cancer”

PKC ε increases hair follicle stem cell turnover and may raise skin cancer risk.

research Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light‐induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism^¶

3 citations , January 2005 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology”

Protein kinase C epsilon may promote skin cancer development after UV exposure by affecting nearby cells.

research Inhibition of the development of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in protein kinase C epsilon transgenic mice by alpha-difluoromethylornithine accompanied by marked hair follicle degeneration and hair loss.

26 citations , June 2003 in “PubMed”

Alpha-difluoromethylornithine prevents cancer in mice but causes hair loss.

Genetic Alteration of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Subunit Expression Affects Calcium Currents and Beta-Endorphin Release in AtT-20 Clonal Pituitary Cells

research Genetic alteration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase subunit expression affects calcium currents and beta-endorphin release in AtT-20 clonal pituitary cells.

August 1994 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

Changing protein kinase levels in pituitary cells affects calcium flow and beta-endorphin release.

research Transgenic mice overexpressing protein kinase C epsilon in their epidermis exhibit reduced papilloma burden but enhanced carcinoma formation after tumor promotion.

99 citations , February 2000 in “PubMed”

Overexpressing PKCepsilon in mice reduces papillomas but increases carcinomas.

research 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin causes an increase in protein kinases growth hepatic associated with epidermal factor receptor in the plasma membrane

60 citations , December 1988 in “Journal of Biochemical Toxicology”

TCDD reduces EGF receptors in the liver, affecting growth and development.

research Atypical Protein Kinase C Isoform, aPKCλ, Is Essential for Maintaining Hair Follicle Stem Cell Quiescence

24 citations , June 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

aPKCλ is crucial for keeping hair follicle stem cells inactive and maintaining normal hair growth.

Melatonin Regulates the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway via the CircMPP5-miR-211-MAPK3 Axis to Induce Secondary Hair Follicle Differentiation and Development in Newborn Cashmere Goat Kids

research Melatonin regulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathway via the circMPP5-miR-211-MAPK3 axis to induce secondary hair follicle differentiation and development in newborn Cashmere goat kids

1 citations , October 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Melatonin helps improve Cashmere goat hair quality by promoting hair follicle growth through a specific cell signaling pathway.

research Protein kinase Cepsilon is linked to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha ectodomain shedding and the development of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in protein kinase Cepsilon transgenic mice.

79 citations , October 2003 in “PubMed”

Overexpression of PKCepsilon leads to increased TNFalpha, promoting metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in mice.

research A Ca ²⁺ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase required for symbiotic nodule development: Gene identification by transcript-based cloning

477 citations , March 2004 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

The DMI3 gene is essential for nodule development and symbiosis in certain plants.

Bioinformatic Analysis of Gene Expression Data Reveals Src Family Protein Tyrosine Kinases as Key Players in Androgenetic Alopecia

research Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression data reveals Src family protein tyrosine kinases as key players in androgenetic alopecia

June 2023 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

Protein tyrosine kinases are key in male pattern baldness, affecting skin structure, hair growth, and immune responses.

research 1332 Janus kinase inhibitor increases hair growth by increasing beta-catenin activity in outer root sheath cells

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

JAK inhibitors help hair growth by boosting beta-catenin activity in hair root cells.

research 078 The transmembrane protein LRIG1 regulates receptor tyrosine kinases in skin development and homeostasis

September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

LRIG1 protein affects hair growth by regulating skin receptors, leading to hair loss when overexpressed.

Phosphatidic Acid Has Potential to Promote Hair Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase in Hair Epithelial Cells

research Phosphatidic Acid Has a Potential to Promote Hair Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase in Hair Epithelial Cells

46 citations , August 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Phosphatidic acid may help hair grow by affecting cell growth pathways.

Salicylate Induces Epithelial Actin Reorganization via Activation of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Promotes Wound Healing and Contraction in Mice

research Salicylate induces epithelial actin reorganization via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase and promotes wound healing and contraction in mice

8 citations , July 2024 in “Scientific Reports”

Salicylate helps wounds heal without scarring in mice.

research AMP-activated Protein Kinase 활성체인 Metformin의 모발 성장에 미치는 영향

January 2019 in “대한피부과학회지”

Metformin promotes hair growth by affecting cell growth and protein signaling related to hair growth.

The G-Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) Orchestrates Hair Follicle Homeostasis

research The G-Protein Couple Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) Orchestrates Hair Follicle Homeostasis

April 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

GRK2 is essential for healthy hair follicle function, and its absence can lead to hair loss and cysts.

Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 in a Growth- and Stress-Dependent Fashion

research Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in a Growth- and Stress-dependent Fashion

30 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Keratin 17 is modified by RSK1 in response to growth and stress, affecting skin growth and stress response.

research Androgens Induce Nongenomic Stimulation of Colonic Contractile Activity through Induction of Calcium Sensitization and Phosphorylation of LC20 and CPI-17

31 citations , March 2010 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

Androgens like testosterone increase colon muscle contractions by affecting calcium pathways.

research Wedelolactone, a medicinal plant-derived coumestan, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt

83 citations , October 2012 in “International Journal of Oncology”

Wedelolactone selectively kills prostate cancer cells without harming normal cells.

research Protein Kinase C as a Therapeutic Target

87 citations , September 2006 in “Clinical Cancer Research”

Protein Kinase C shows promise for cancer treatment, but more research is needed to develop effective inhibitors.

research Enzymatic phosphorylation of hair keratin enhances fast adsorption of cationic moieties

11 citations , January 2016 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules”

Enzymatic phosphorylation of hair keratin improves the effectiveness of hair products with cationic ingredients.

research Skin Cancer: Mechanisms and Human Relevance

213 citations , December 1994 in “Medical Entomology and Zoology”

Skin cancer involves complex mechanisms, risk factors, and can be potentially prevented with strategies like dietary changes and certain compounds.

research Activation of Cutaneous Protein Kinase Cα Induces Keratinocyte Apoptosis and Intraepidermal Inflammation by Independent Signaling Pathways

74 citations , September 2003 in “The Journal of Immunology”

Activating PKCα in skin causes cell death and inflammation through different pathways.

research In Vitro and In Vivo Models for the Development of Hair Growth Materials By Regulating the β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

February 2024 in “Journal of medicinal food”

The research found a way to develop hair growth materials by targeting a specific signaling pathway.

research Tribuloside acts on the PDE/cAMP/PKA pathway to enhance melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport

December 2023 in “Journal of ethnopharmacology”

Tribuloside can increase skin pigmentation by enhancing melanin production and distribution.