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Did you mean Protein Kinase C?

GlossaryProtein Kinase C

enzymes that regulate various cellular functions by phosphorylating proteins

Protein Kinase C (PKC) is a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in several cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). These enzymes are activated by signals such as increases in the concentration of calcium ions or diacylglycerol (DAG), and they function by phosphorylating various target proteins, thereby altering their activity. PKC is significant in many physiological and pathological processes, making it a key focus in research related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.

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research Protein kinase Cepsilon is linked to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha ectodomain shedding and the development of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in protein kinase Cepsilon transgenic mice.

79 citations , October 2003 in “PubMed”

Overexpression of PKCepsilon leads to increased TNFalpha, promoting metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in mice.

research Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light‐induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism^¶

3 citations , January 2005 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology”

Protein kinase C epsilon may promote skin cancer development after UV exposure by affecting nearby cells.

Protein Kinase C Epsilon, Which Is Linked to Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Stimulates Rapid Turnover of Adult Hair Follicle Stem Cells

research Protein Kinase Cε, Which Is Linked to Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Stimulates Rapid Turnover of Adult Hair Follicle Stem Cells

10 citations , January 2013 in “Journal of skin cancer”

PKC ε increases hair follicle stem cell turnover and may raise skin cancer risk.

research Protein Kinase Cε, which Sensitizes Skin to Sun's UV Radiation–Induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Associates with Stat3

76 citations , February 2007 in “Cancer Research”

Protein Kinase Cε increases skin sensitivity to UV damage and skin cancer risk.

research Protein Kinase C δ Overexpressing Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Chemically but not to UV Radiation–Induced Development of Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Possible Link to Specific Cytokines and Cyclooxygenase-2

35 citations , January 2006 in “Cancer Research”

Mice with extra PKCδ resist chemical-induced skin cancer but not UV-induced.

research Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light-induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism¶

28 citations , January 2005 in “Photochemistry and Photobiology”

Protein kinase C epsilon may increase skin cancer risk by affecting nearby cells.

research Atypical Protein Kinase C Isoform, aPKCλ, Is Essential for Maintaining Hair Follicle Stem Cell Quiescence

24 citations , June 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

aPKCλ is crucial for keeping hair follicle stem cells inactive and maintaining normal hair growth.

Genetic Alteration of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Subunit Expression Affects Calcium Currents and Beta-Endorphin Release in AtT-20 Clonal Pituitary Cells

research Genetic alteration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase subunit expression affects calcium currents and beta-endorphin release in AtT-20 clonal pituitary cells.

August 1994 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

Changing protein kinase levels in pituitary cells affects calcium flow and beta-endorphin release.

research Inhibition of the development of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in protein kinase C epsilon transgenic mice by alpha-difluoromethylornithine accompanied by marked hair follicle degeneration and hair loss.

26 citations , June 2003 in “PubMed”

Alpha-difluoromethylornithine prevents cancer in mice but causes hair loss.

Phosphatidic Acid Has Potential to Promote Hair Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase in Hair Epithelial Cells

research Phosphatidic Acid Has a Potential to Promote Hair Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase in Hair Epithelial Cells

46 citations , August 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Phosphatidic acid may help hair grow by affecting cell growth pathways.

research Establishment of an Efficient Primary Culture System for Human Hair Follicle Stem Cells Using the Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632

16 citations , March 2021 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology”

A new method using Y-27632 improves the growth and quality of human hair follicle stem cells for tissue engineering and therapy.

Purified Vitexin Compound 1 Inhibits UVA-Induced Cellular Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Binding Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

research Purified Vitexin Compound 1 Inhibits UVA-Induced Cellular Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Binding Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

3 citations , July 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Vitexin Compound 1 may help reduce skin aging caused by UVA light.

research Mathematical Modeling and Inference of Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cell Signaling Pathways

3 citations , September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Mathematical modeling helps understand and predict the MAPK cell signaling pathway.

research l-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate promotes elongation of hair shafts via the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 from dermal papilla cells through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

34 citations , March 2009 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Vitamin C derivative helps hair grow longer by making cells produce a growth factor through a specific cellular pathway.

research 1332 Janus kinase inhibitor increases hair growth by increasing beta-catenin activity in outer root sheath cells

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

JAK inhibitors help hair growth by boosting beta-catenin activity in hair root cells.

research AMP-activated Protein Kinase 활성체인 Metformin의 모발 성장에 미치는 영향

January 2019 in “대한피부과학회지”

Metformin promotes hair growth by affecting cell growth and protein signaling related to hair growth.

The G-Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) Orchestrates Hair Follicle Homeostasis

research The G-Protein Couple Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) Orchestrates Hair Follicle Homeostasis

April 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

GRK2 is essential for healthy hair follicle function, and its absence can lead to hair loss and cysts.

research Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Inhibits Hair Follicle Anagen Induction by Restricting Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cell Activation and Expansion

176 citations , September 2006 in “Stem Cells”

BMP signaling prevents hair growth by stopping stem cell activation.

Cell Surface Receptor Kinase FERONIA Linked to Nutrient Sensor TORC Signaling Controls Root Hair Growth at Low Temperature Linked to Low Nitrate in Arabidopsis Thaliana

research Cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA linked to nutrient sensor TORC signaling controls root hair growth at low temperature linked to low nitrate inArabidopsis thaliana

2 citations , January 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

A protein called FERONIA helps control root hair growth in response to cold and low nitrogen by activating nutrient-sensing pathways in a plant called Arabidopsis.

research Forsythiaside A Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Regulates Oxidative Stress via Nrf2 Signaling

7 citations , December 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Forsythiaside A helps protect cells and liver from damage by reducing oxidative stress and boosting antioxidants.

research Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mediates Ebastine-Induced Human Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation

4 citations , February 2019 in “BioMed Research International”

Ebastine may promote hair regrowth by increasing cell growth through the ERK pathway.

Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 in a Growth- and Stress-Dependent Fashion

research Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in a Growth- and Stress-dependent Fashion

30 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Keratin 17 is modified by RSK1 in response to growth and stress, affecting skin growth and stress response.

research Involvement of Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling Pathway in Proliferation of Urethral Plate Fibroblasts in Finasteride-Induced Rat Hypospadias

10 citations , December 2018 in “Medical Science Monitor”

The MAPK/ERK pathway is crucial in controlling cell growth and death in finasteride-induced hypospadias.

Methanol Extract of Peach Kernel Induces Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation via the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway

research Methanol Extract of Peach Kernel Induces Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation via the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway

January 2024 in “Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

Peach kernel extract may promote hair growth by boosting cell growth in hair follicles.

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Promotes the Growth of Mink Hair Follicles Through Sonic Hedgehog and Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathways

research Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Promotes the Growth of Mink Hair Follicles Through Sonic Hedgehog and Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathways

14 citations , June 2018 in “Frontiers in pharmacology”

Green tea compound EGCG helps mink hair follicles grow by affecting certain cell growth pathways.

research Phospholipase C 1 is required for skin stem cell lineage commitment

101 citations , June 2003 in “The EMBO Journal”

Phospholipase Cδ1 is crucial for normal skin and hair development.

research Self-organization process in newborn skin organoid formation inspires strategy to restore hair regeneration of adult cells

92 citations , August 2017 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”

Newborn mouse skin cells can grow hair and this process can be recreated in adult cells to potentially help with hair loss.

research Keratin K15 as a Biomarker of Epidermal Stem Cells

85 citations , September 2013 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Keratin 15 is not a reliable sole marker for identifying epidermal stem cells because it's found in various cell types.

research Interleukin-1β Is Differentially Expressed by Human Dermal Papilla Cells in Response to PKC Activation and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Hair Follicle Growth in Organ Culture

38 citations , March 1997 in “Journal of interferon & cytokine research”

IL-1β inhibits human hair follicle growth.

research Protein kinase Akt2/PKBβ is involved in blastomere proliferation of preimplantation mouse embryos

7 citations , September 2019 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology”

Akt2 protein is essential for normal cell division in early mouse embryos.