21 citations
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December 2015 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” DHT is crucial for urethral formation, and its disruption can affect masculinization and lead to hypospadias.
26 citations
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January 1982 in “Hormone Research” Normal androgen levels need ACTH, and different mechanisms control adrenarche and gonadarche.
25 citations
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September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
November 2025 in “Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern” Androgen levels are more linked to body size in boys than girls.
2 citations
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September 2020 Long-term high testosterone levels can improve bone density and reduce body fat but may increase the risk of prostate cancer and high blood pressure.
July 2020 in “Endocrine practice” A 13-year-old boy with Cushing syndrome has high cortisol levels from a pituitary gland issue and underdeveloped sexual characteristics.
11 citations
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September 1990 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Girls with prepubertal simple hypertrichosis have higher dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels.
21 citations
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January 2008 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Anastrozole and cyproterone acetate treatment can help increase adult height in boys with testotoxicosis.
110 citations
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October 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.
83 citations
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September 1993 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America”
December 2014 in “Annals of psychophysiology” Power-enhancing drugs can cause mood swings, aggression, anxiety, and physical side effects, questioning their overall benefits.
18 citations
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September 1972 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” PCPA induces hypersexual behavior in male rats regardless of age or castration status.
77 citations
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September 1983 in “Acta Paediatrica” Dexamethasone effectively normalizes elevated steroid levels in girls with premature adrenarche.
43 citations
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January 2016 in “International Journal of Andrology” Finasteride caused long-term sexual and non-sexual side effects in young men with hair loss.
Increased free testosterone can lead to stronger bones and less body fat but also higher risks of prostate cancer, hair loss, spine issues, and high blood pressure.
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April 2014 in “International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology” Prepubertal girls with hypertrichosis have more sensitive androgen receptors, leading to increased body hair growth.
11 citations
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January 2000 in “Der Hautarzt” Male hypogonadism affects skin and hair, causing thin skin, less hair, and skin reactions to treatment.
February 2012 in “European Urology Supplements” Finasteride for hair loss may cause long-lasting sexual side effects in young males.
24 citations
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December 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” Finasteride can cause sexual problems and depression in young men.
1 citations
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December 2019 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Higher androgen levels during puberty are linked to shorter adult height in boys with Silver-Russell syndrome.
July 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroids harm male hormone levels, sperm, metabolism, and can cause acne, hair loss, and breast growth.
January 2015 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” A 5-year-old girl with McCune-Albright syndrome grew abnormal hair due to the drug tamoxifen.
July 2016 in “Reactions Weekly” Cyproterone and finasteride reduced hypersexuality but caused serious side effects.
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November 2019 in “Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology” Endocrine diseases in children can cause various skin and hair changes.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
September 2014 in “PubMed Central” BPH treatments can cause sexual side effects affecting quality of life.
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June 2006 in “Pediatrics in Review” Most genital symptoms in prepubertal girls are normal or nontraumatic, not signs of abuse.
October 1984 in “Kidney international” The patient had complex urinary tract issues and ambiguous genitalia, with physical features suggesting a hormonal imbalance.
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.