Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
Male goat smell increases reaction in young female goats' noses but doesn't cause them to start puberty early.
26 citations
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November 2011 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers should focus on signs of excess male hormones and not rely solely on ovarian ultrasound or irregular periods, and should be reassessed in adulthood.
19 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” 6 citations
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March 2024 in “The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health”
13 citations
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December 2017 in “CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics” Finasteride affects young male rats' brain function and behavior negatively.
31 citations
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January 2018 in “Pediatric annals” Early adrenal gland maturation in young children can be normal, but other serious conditions should be ruled out first.
11 citations
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November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Hormonal treatments can change hair and skin in transgender people, but may not fully achieve desired results.
11 citations
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August 2014 in “Current Urology Reports” Medications for enlarged prostate can cause sexual side effects like reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, and ejaculatory problems.
June 2011 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Finasteride, a hair loss drug, can cause long-lasting sexual side effects like low libido and erectile dysfunction.
August 2024 in “medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Finasteride has various adverse effects, including sexual dysfunction and mental health issues, which vary by age and gender.
October 2010 in “Journal of Men's Health” Some patients may experience lasting sexual dysfunction, depression, and other side effects from 5α-reductase inhibitor therapy.
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Hyperthyroidism can hide signs of high androgen levels in females.
January 2025 in “International Journal Of Scientific Advances” Topical testosterone can cause acne-like skin changes.
March 2016 in “The Journal of Urology” The discovery of 5α-reductase deficiency in guevedoces led to the development of important urologic medications.
4 citations
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August 2019 Higher free testosterone levels can increase bone density and decrease body fat but may raise the risk of prostate cancer, hair loss, and benign prostate enlargement.
2 citations
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March 2018 in “Current Opinion in Urology” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, neurologic, endocrine, and cardiovascular side effects, but these are rare and usually stop after ending treatment.
10 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Testosterone increases hair growth and acne in transgender men.
72 citations
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April 2008 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” Dutasteride and finasteride do not significantly affect bone density, blood fats, or blood production, but slightly lower PSA levels and minimally impact sexual function in healthy young men.
1 citations
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May 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Finasteride for hair loss in young men may significantly increase the risk of sexual dysfunction.
October 2020 in “Reactions Weekly” Finasteride can cause multiple side effects like tremors, dry skin, and rapid aging.
19 citations
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June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.
December 2016 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” Castration significantly reduces prostate size and BPH symptoms.
February 2021 in “The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update” Finasteride use in young people may increase risk of suicidal thoughts and mental health issues.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
111 citations
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August 2015 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” 5α-reductase inhibitors may cause persistent sexual dysfunction and depression, needing more research on long-term effects.
4 citations
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November 2021 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Children and adults with Cushing's disease show different symptoms and males have more severe cases; surgery outcomes can be predicted by certain factors.
June 2025 in “V F Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology” A six-year-old girl has early signs of puberty, needs no treatment, but requires regular check-ups for future health risks.
April 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” Early exposure to sexualized content and poor lifestyle choices may lead to early hair loss.
31 citations
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December 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” Men with testicular cancer were less likely to experience baldness and severe acne.