May 2019 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Testosterone significantly affects urination differences between male and female mice.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
Early diagnosis and personalized treatment are crucial for managing pediatric androgenetic alopecia.
1 citations
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January 2021 in “Prague medical report” Men might have a version of the female disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, shown by changes in hormone levels and early baldness, but more research is needed to fully understand it.
1 citations
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January 2017 in “Tohoku journal of experimental medicine” A woman's mature cystic teratoma caused her virilization by producing testosterone.
A 10-year-old girl's symptoms improved after surgery to remove a benign adrenal tumor.
November 2025 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Hair steroid profiling is a feasible, non-invasive alternative to serum analysis for assessing hormone levels and metabolism.
January 2026 in “Neuroscience Applied” Hair cortisol levels decrease as children age, stabilizing around age 4.
143 citations
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October 1988 in “Clinics in Dermatology” The understanding of male-pattern baldness remains unclear.
January 2016 in “Journal of SAFOG” Girls with PCOS and menstrual disorders have notably higher androgen hormone levels.
February 2025 in “Pediatric Dermatology”
1 citations
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January 2015 in “Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow)” A 3.75-year-old girl showed that different body organs can grow at different rates.
4 citations
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January 2000 in “PubMed” Early balding in men might be a male hormonal equivalent of polycystic ovaries syndrome in women.
January 2011 in “Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford)” Testosterone stimulates growth in intermediate hair follicles, but this can be blocked by cyproterone acetate.
10 citations
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November 2018 in “Developmental Psychobiology” Hair can effectively measure DHEA and testosterone levels in children.
46 citations
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December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hirsutism in young girls can have causes other than PCOS, so diagnoses should be reassessed if treatments don't work.
21 citations
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January 1999 in “Endocrine”
Early balding may be a sign of future prostate problems.
54 citations
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April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
July 2024 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Ovarian hyperthecosis should be considered in young women with severe male-like symptoms and can be managed with hormone treatments.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
116 citations
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December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
3 citations
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October 2024 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Potential androgen excess signs vary by demographics and health, needing inclusive evaluation.
212 citations
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May 2010 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is challenging and should use strict criteria to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary worry.
12 citations
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March 2015 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Early diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in young people is important to prevent long-term health problems.
July 2015 in “NEJM Journal Watch” Diagnosing and treating PCOS in young people is difficult.
12 citations
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February 2003 in “PubMed” Androgenetic alopecia can affect adolescents, impacting self-esteem, but minoxidil's effectiveness for them is unclear.
October 2021 in “Turkderm” Hormonal imbalances, not insulin resistance or dyslipidemia, may be more important in causing acne in women over 25.
9 citations
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November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.