August 2026 in “Cosmetics” Biotics can help reduce acne and scalp issues, but more research is needed.
October 2018 in “Focus on surfactants”
January 2024 in “International Journal of Trichology” Isotretinoin can cause rare scalp cysts and hair loss, treatable with medication.
19 citations
,
December 1985 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil can cause scalp comedones and acne.
65 citations
,
October 2018 in “Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology” Certain bacteria and fungi are linked to healthy scalps and dandruff, suggesting that the scalp's microbial balance affects its health.
48 citations
,
April 2019 in “PloS one” Alopecia areata patients have more Propionibacterium acnes and less Staphylococcus epidermidis on their scalps.
27 citations
,
June 2017 in “International Journal of Dermatology” The study suggests that acne keloidalis nuchae is linked to conditions like pseudofolliculitis barbae, scalp infections, metabolic syndrome, and is more common in males with an average onset age of 25.4 years.
21 citations
,
April 2011 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Acne treatment varies by severity, using topical treatments for mild cases, combination therapies for moderate cases, and oral isotretinoin for severe cases, with hormonal treatments for some women.
19 citations
,
December 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Scalp hair follicle microbes affect hair health and could be used for treatments.
5 citations
,
April 2023 in “BMC Microbiology” Shampoo with heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 improves scalp health and hair growth by changing scalp bacteria.
4 citations
,
September 2023 in “Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry” Scalp bacteria affect genes linked to hair health and growth.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Lindera strychnifolia root extract may help balance scalp bacteria and potentially reduce hair loss.
1 citations
,
July 2023 in “Scientific Reports” Wearing a hijab changes the common bacteria and fungi on the scalp, possibly affecting skin health.
January 2023 in “Dermatologic therapy” Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp is more common in young men and often associated with head and neck acne.
March 2026 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Changes in scalp microbes may contribute to hair loss, suggesting new treatment options.
November 2025 in “Journal of Pioneering Medical Science” Dietary interventions improved hair density and reduced dandruff by balancing scalp microbiota and reducing inflammation.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Staphylococcus epidermidis affects hair growth and metabolism, suggesting it could help manage hair growth issues.
19 citations
,
July 2004 in “Clinical and experimental dermatology” Acneiform follicular mucinosis can be controlled with systemic corticosteroids.
5 citations
,
January 2021 in “Dermatology Online Journal” An 84-year-old man developed a rare scalp condition from a cancer drug but continued treatment as it was otherwise well tolerated.
1 citations
,
November 2005 in “Hair transplant forum international” Understanding scalp conditions is crucial for successful hair transplants.
Chitosan shows promise for skin and scalp treatments but needs more research.
January 2026 in “Methods in molecular biology” Using PMA treatment before sequencing helps accurately identify living microbes on the scalp.
September 2021 in “CRC Press eBooks” Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp is a condition that causes inflammation and scarring on the scalp, mainly affecting African-American men, and can lead to permanent hair loss.
July 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Early treatment is key to prevent permanent hair loss from scalp conditions that cause scarring.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Web of Multidisciplinary Studies” Restoring microbial balance and using exosome therapies may help treat hair disorders like alopecia and acne.
December 2024 in “International Journal Of Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicine” Shirodhara improves scalp health, hair growth, and skin appearance by reducing stress and enhancing circulation.
8 citations
,
January 2023 in “Skin Research and Technology” The laser treatment effectively and safely reduces post-acne redness in adult Chinese patients.
7 citations
,
February 2022 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Using microneedling with platelet-rich plasma is more effective and just as safe as microneedling alone for treating acne scars.
October 2023 in “Skin research and technology” The 675 nm laser effectively improved facial acne scars in dark skin with minimal side effects.
August 2020 in “Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)” Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) effectively improves acne scars.