The chapter explains that there are many genetic skin disorders affecting skin cell formation, including both common and rare types.
52 citations
,
January 2020 in “Scientific Reports” NLCs with manual massage greatly improve clobetasol delivery to hair follicles.
13 citations
,
October 1993 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Minoxidil effectively promotes hair regrowth in younger patients with small balding areas.
8 citations
,
January 2000 Terbinafine effectively stops fungal invasion of human keratin.
1 citations
,
January 2012 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document concludes that the skin is a complex organ providing protection, sensation, and healing, with challenges in treating conditions like itchiness.
March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery” Human skin has multiple layers and functions, with key roles in protection, temperature control, and appearance.
35 citations
,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine ” Fractional laser therapy may help regrow hair in alopecia areata.
5 citations
,
November 2007 in “British journal of nursing” Nurses should treat emollients as medications, understanding their use and effects for treating skin conditions.
101 citations
,
October 2016 in “Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine” Fullerenes show potential in skin care but need more safety research.
62 citations
,
May 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Sebaceous glands in the skin play a key role in absorbing the antiandrogen drug RU 58841, especially when it's encapsulated in liposomes.
41 citations
,
June 2013 in “PLOS ONE” Engineered skin substitutes can grow hair but have limitations like missing sebaceous glands and hair not breaking through the skin naturally.
29 citations
,
November 2013 in “Expert Review of Dermatology” Sensitive skin often causes discomfort, affects many people, especially women and older adults, and should be managed with careful product selection.
5 citations
,
March 2021 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Biotin supplementation during isotretinoin treatment for acne may help maintain skin hydration and improve hair growth.
4 citations
,
July 2020 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” All hair removal methods irritate underarm skin and cause dryness, with shaving being less irritating but more drying than plucking or waxing.
1 citations
,
July 2015 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Imiquimod improved skin pigmentation in most patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and may prevent further skin cancer, but some treatments can have side effects.
June 2016 in “CRC Press eBooks” Sleep problems and skin issues affect each other; poor sleep can worsen skin conditions, and some skin treatments can improve or harm sleep quality.
17 citations
,
January 2021 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Laser-assisted drug delivery has shown improved treatment outcomes for skin conditions and has potential to reduce side effects and treatment time.
September 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Moderate exercise improves skin health, but intense exercise without protection can harm it.
25 citations
,
July 2019 in “Journal of drug delivery science and technology” Researchers created better skin-application menthol capsules that are stable, safe, and penetrate the skin quickly.
127 citations
,
July 2002 in “EMBO journal” Normal skin cell renewal doesn't need RAR signaling, but vitamin A-related skin thickening does.
67 citations
,
January 2022 in “Theranostics” Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.
13 citations
,
October 2012 in “InTech eBooks” Nanocarriers could improve how drugs are delivered through the skin but require more research to overcome challenges and ensure safety.
4 citations
,
January 2017 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” Inhibiting ALOX12 can help hair cuticle maturation by increasing S100A3 citrullination.
1 citations
,
June 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Topical treatment SM04554 safely promotes hair growth in male baldness.
Menopause-related skin changes may increase fungal infections and inflammation.
34 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Liposome Research” Minoxidil-loaded liposomes effectively deliver to hair follicles, potentially improving hair growth and treating alopecia.
8 citations
,
August 2019 in “Dermatologic surgery” Nonsteroid treatments for alopecia areata show promise but need more high-quality research.
7 citations
,
June 2019 in “Cureus” Fractional lasers and microneedling, combined with topical agents, could potentially treat Alopecia Areata effectively, but more research is needed due to limited data.
November 2025 in “Bioscientia Medicina Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research” A combined treatment with microneedling and vitamin D3 led to complete hair regrowth in a woman with stubborn patch alopecia areata.