197 citations
,
January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
34 citations
,
March 2003 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Most dogs with alopecia had higher than normal levels of certain hormones, but hair loss might not always be linked to these hormone changes.
21 citations
,
November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
March 2025 in “Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Rodent models of PCOS show some hormone changes similar to humans, but also have key differences.
56 citations
,
February 2006 in “American journal of physiology. Cell physiology” Steroid sex hormones activate matriptase in prostate cancer cells but not in breast cancer cells.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Physiological Research” Overweight women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones that could indicate a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.
10 citations
,
February 2020 in “Endocrine” Finasteride safely treats hair loss without harming hormones or reproduction, but may slightly reduce sexual function.
1 citations
,
December 2025 in “Selçuk tıp dergisi/Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dergisi” Lower 2D:4D finger ratios in HS patients suggest prenatal hormone influence on the disease.
33 citations
,
January 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.
June 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Male hormones and reduced plakoglobin can impair heart electrical function and increase arrhythmia risk in males.
4 citations
,
May 2024 in “Steroids” The method accurately measures sex hormones in human plasma but can have small errors.
53 citations
,
January 1985 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Low-dose oral contraceptives reduced hair growth and testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
4 citations
,
March 2018 in “Systems biology in reproductive medicine” Men born very underweight had higher estrogen levels but normal reproduction compared to normal birth weight men.
25 citations
,
January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology” Premature balding in some men may be linked to altered hormones, but it's not the male equivalent to polycystic ovary syndrome or metabolic syndrome.
December 2025 in “Molecules” A new method effectively detects trace sex hormones in cosmetics, ensuring safety.
1 citations
,
January 2024 in “Journal of personalized medicine” Hormonal imbalances during menopause may significantly contribute to Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
Individualized treatment improves symptoms and quality of life for women with PCOS.
March 2024 in “BMC women's health” The levonorgestrel implant increases free testosterone and lowers SHBG more than DMPA-IM and the copper IUD.
January 2014 in “HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)” Sex hormones affect dog skin conditions, but more data is needed.
13 citations
,
July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.
March 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Sex steroids affect the MafB gene differently in male and female hamsters.
19 citations
,
November 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone may affect COVID-19 severity differently in men and women, potentially influencing prevention and treatment strategies.
13 citations
,
December 2020 in “BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care” Changes in SHBG levels don't predict diabetes risk reduction.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Sex hormones' effects on COVID-19 are unclear and more research is needed to understand their potential as treatment.
2 citations
,
January 1984 in “Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry” Benzodiazepines changed hormone levels but did not affect hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism.
2 citations
,
July 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Sex hormones likely don't affect atopic dermatitis in adolescents and adults.
April 2023 in “Dermatologica Sinica” Sex hormones affect hair growth and loss, and treatments for related hair diseases include various medications, hair transplantation, and light therapy.