610 citations
,
April 2014 in “Nature Reviews Immunology” The document concludes that understanding how the skin's immune system and inflammation work is complex and requires more research to improve treatments for skin diseases.
57 citations
,
March 2019 in “Immunity” The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.
47 citations
,
September 2023 in “Pharmacological Reports” Vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E can improve skin health and immunity.
September 2025 in “Immunological Reviews” The skin can independently form immune responses through special structures, offering new ways to treat skin diseases.
20 citations
,
January 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Skin-associated adipocytes help protect the skin from infections by supporting its immune barrier.
83 citations
,
June 2018 in “Frontiers in immunology” Certain types of T cells are essential for healthy skin and play a role in skin diseases, but more research is needed to improve treatments.
5 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
January 2026 in “Inflammation and Regeneration” Two-photon microscopy improves skin imaging but faces safety and cost challenges for clinical use.
May 2024 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Type-2 immunity may influence skin diseases and could be targeted for treatment.
21 citations
,
November 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology” Sebaceous glands play a key role in skin health, immunity, and various skin diseases.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.
51 citations
,
March 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Alarmin cytokines are key in controlling skin immunity and inflammation.
June 2026 in “Experimental Dermatology” Laminin-332 is vital for skin health, repair, and disease prevention.
September 2024 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Obesity harms skin health by causing inflammation and delayed wound healing.
11 citations
,
July 2012 in “Experimental dermatology” Innate immunity genes in hair follicle stem cells might have new roles beyond traditional immune functions.
14 citations
,
January 2008 in “Dermatology” Vitamin D made by the skin plays a role in immune defense and skin health, and more research is needed to understand its full effects.
59 citations
,
February 2021 in “Advanced Functional Materials” The silk fibroin-based hydrogel shows promise for treating melanoma and healing infected wounds by killing tumor cells and bacteria, and supporting skin recovery.
2 citations
,
August 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The Aligned membranes improved wound healing and hair growth with a better immune response in mice.
50 citations
,
May 2021 in “Frontiers in immunology” Certain immune cells contribute to skin autoimmune diseases, and some treatments can reverse hair loss in these conditions.
24 citations
,
August 2022 in “Immunity” Type 2 immunity helps control mite growth in hair follicles, preventing damage.
March 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A specific immune response helps control mite populations on the skin, maintaining healthy hair follicles.
28 citations
,
July 2005 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Vitiligo is caused by the immune system attacking skin pigment cells.
2 citations
,
November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” RANKL improves the immune response against herpes simplex virus by enhancing T cell activation and could help develop better treatments or vaccines.
January 2026 in “Immunity & Inflammation” Autoimmune skin diseases result from genetic and environmental factors disrupting immune checkpoints.
Geography affects skin microbiome more than genetics, but genetics still play a role.
April 2012 in “Cancer Research” EGFR deficiency in skin causes hair follicle issues and inflammation.
39 citations
,
June 2023 in “Advanced Materials” Microneedles offer a promising, painless, and efficient way to deliver vaccines and therapies directly to the skin.
66 citations
,
May 2021 in “Science Advances” Different scaffold patterns improve wound healing and immune response in mouse skin, with aligned patterns being particularly effective.
8 citations
,
August 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology” Hidradenitis suppurativa may involve gut and oral bacteria, suggesting targeted treatments could help.