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GlossarySqualene

natural compound in sebum, precursor to cholesterol

Squalene is a natural organic compound that is a precursor to cholesterol and other steroids. It is found in high concentrations in shark liver oil, but also occurs in olive oil, wheat germ oil, and the human sebum. Squalene is valued for its moisturizing properties and is often used in skincare products to help maintain skin hydration and barrier function.

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Squalene-Containing Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Promote Percutaneous Absorption and Hair Follicle Targeting of Diphencyprone for Treating Alopecia Areata

research Squalene-Containing Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Promote Percutaneous Absorption and Hair Follicle Targeting of Diphencyprone for Treating Alopecia Areata

59 citations , October 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Research”

Squalene-based carriers improve delivery of a treatment to hair follicles for alopecia areata.

research Tofacitinib Loaded Squalenyl Nanoparticles for Targeted Follicular Delivery in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

15 citations , November 2020 in “Pharmaceutics”

Tofacitinib nanoparticles can safely and effectively treat alopecia areata by targeting hair follicles.

research Quantification of Squalene and Lactic Acid in Hair Bulbs with Damaged Sheaths: Are They Metabolic Wastes in Alopecia?

September 2023 in “Biomedicines”

Squalene may be a marker for certain types of alopecia.

research Surface Lipids as Multifunctional Mediators of Skin Responses to Environmental Stimuli

105 citations , January 2010 in “Mediators of Inflammation”

Skin surface lipids are important for skin health and altering them could help prevent aging and treat skin conditions.

research TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions

62 citations , July 2022 in “Science Immunology”

TREM2 macrophages and unsaturated lipids contribute to acne inflammation.

research Squarticles as a Lipid Nanocarrier for Delivering Diphencyprone and Minoxidil to Hair Follicles and Human Dermal Papilla Cells

62 citations , December 2013 in “Aaps Journal”

Squarticles effectively deliver hair growth drugs to follicles and dermal papilla cells.

research Recent studies on the delivery of hydrophilic drugs in nanoparticulate systems

47 citations , September 2015 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology”

Nanoparticulate systems improve drug delivery by controlling release, protecting drugs, changing absorption and distribution, and concentrating drugs in targeted areas.

research Characterization of the lipid composition at the proximal root regions of human hair

41 citations , May 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Human hair contains various lipids that vary among individuals and help protect the hair.

research Prevention of lipid loss from hair by surface and internal modification

17 citations , July 2019 in “Scientific reports”

Surface and internal treatments can help prevent hair lipid loss during washing.

research On the effects of a plant extract of Orthosiphon stamineus on sebum-related skin imperfections

17 citations , August 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extract reduces oily skin and improves complexion better than zinc gluconate.

research HAIR LOSS FROM SEBUM

13 citations , January 1953 in “Archives of Dermatology”

Certain unsaturated compounds can cause temporary hair loss by affecting hair structure.

research Sebaceous Gland Regeneration in Human Skin Xenografts

9 citations , May 2010 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Human sebaceous glands can grow back in skin grafts on mice and work like normal human glands.

research Analysis of Lipids in the Medulla of Japanese Hair and Their Function

7 citations , April 2018 in “Cosmetics”

Lipids in Japanese hair help maintain glossiness and structure.

research Free internal lipids in hair from pre‐ and post‐menopausal women

7 citations , March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Menopause reduces hair quality, but hormone therapy can help improve it.

Phytochemical Analysis of Eclipta Prostrata L. Leaves

research Phytochemical Analysis of Eclipta prostrata L. (L.) Leaves

4 citations , August 2018 in “International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences”

Eclipta prostrata leaves contain various compounds with medicinal properties.

research Refatting rate of human hair lipids after exposure to selenium disulphide detergents

2 citations , February 1983 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Selenium disulphide detergents increase hair oiliness by boosting some lipids and reducing fatty acids.

research Experimental and theoretical studies on the interaction of finasteride with chitosan-based nanoniosomes

1 citations , January 2024 in “Journal of molecular structure”

The new finasteride delivery system using chitosan-based nanoniosomes shows promise for prostate cancer prevention.

research Dual Case Reports for Lipid Loss from Human Hair

1 citations , January 2019 in “Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports”

Changing hair's surface and structure can help protect its natural oils from being washed away.

research 284 Backhousia citriodora leaf extract: A new active solution to control hyper-seborrhea for multi-ethnic skins

1 citations , September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Backhousia citriodora leaf extract effectively reduces oily skin across different ethnic groups.

research Molecular interactions of natural and synthetic steroids in female hamsters’ flank organs

1 citations , March 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.

Phytochemical Profiling, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Evaluation of Acrotrema Arnottianum Wight - An Ethnomedicinal Plant

research Phytochemical profiling, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant evaluation of Acrotrema arnottianum Wight - An ethnomedicinal plant

August 2025 in “Current Botany”

Acrotrema arnottianum shows promise for treating infections and has antioxidant properties.

Proximate Composition, Mineral Analysis and Phytochemical Characterization of an Ethnomedicinal Plant Sphenodesme Involucrata Var. Paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir

research Proximate Composition, Mineral analysis and Phytochemical Characterization of an Ethnomedicinal Plant Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir

November 2024 in “International Journal of Plant and Environment”

Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata is a safe and healthy medicinal plant with beneficial nutrients.

research Isolation, Structural Elucidation and Therapeutic Potentials of Root of Cucurbita pepo

January 2021

Pumpkin roots contain compounds like Alpha-spinasterol, squalene, and palmitic acid, which may have health benefits like reducing depression, treating certain cancers, and having antibacterial properties.

research 1302 Disturbed sebum and microbiome composition in sensitive scalp

April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Sensitive scalp has higher pH, more redness, abnormal sebum, and altered bacterial makeup.

A Topical Scalp Serum Containing Adenosine, Magnesium Sulfate, Vitamin C Glucoside, and Pre- and Probiotic Fractions Reduces Discomfort and Associated Symptoms of Sensitive Scalp

research A Topical Scalp Serum Containing Adenosine, MgSO4, Vitamin CG, and Pre- and Probiotic Fractions Reduces Discomfort and Associated Symptoms of Sensitive Scalp

November 2023 in “Dermatologic therapy”

The scalp serum reduced scalp discomfort and symptoms without affecting skin moisture loss.

research 34546 A topical antioxidant serum containing silymarin reduces sebum peroxidation and improves facial acne

September 2022 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

The serum reduces acne and improves skin clarity.

research P382 Scalp fungal microbiome and sebum composition in males with and without androgenetic alopecia

September 2022 in “Medical Mycology”

Scalp fungi and sebum differences may affect hair loss in men.

research Improvement of Hair Damage by Lipophilic Vitamin C (Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate)

September 2018 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan”

Lipophilic Vitamin C improves damaged hair texture and condition.

research Acne and sebaceous gland function

463 citations , September 2004 in “Clinics in dermatology”

Effective acne treatments should reduce sebum, bacteria, and inflammation, with isotretinoin being the best for severe cases.

research Quintaquinone, a Merosesquiterpene from the Yellow Sponge Verongula cf. rigida Esper

6 citations , February 2020 in “Journal of Natural Products”

A new compound from a sponge strongly inhibits an enzyme linked to male-pattern hair loss without being toxic at low levels.