150 citations
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August 1992 in “Genes & Development” TNF alpha in skin cells causes weight loss, hair and fat issues, and skin inflammation in mice.
144 citations
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September 2006 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Lupus affects the body and skin, causing joint pain and skin issues that can be treated with steroids and antimalarial drugs.
143 citations
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September 2008 in “Experimental gerontology” Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.
142 citations
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December 1991 in “Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy” Dextran sulfate was found to be toxic and ineffective for treating HIV.
137 citations
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April 2015 in “Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology” Different types of stem cells with unique roles exist in blood, skin, and intestines, and this variety is important for tissue repair.
137 citations
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May 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil increases blood flow in balding scalps, possibly reversing hair loss.
134 citations
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January 2011 in “Development” Adam10 enzyme is crucial for healthy skin and proper Notch signaling.
130 citations
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February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Tofacitinib may help treat severe hair loss, but more research is needed.
129 citations
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May 2015 in “Cell Stem Cell” Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.
127 citations
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December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Stress can stop hair growth in mice, and treatments can reverse this effect.
125 citations
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September 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology” Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.
125 citations
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January 1999 in “Drugs” Finasteride effectively treats baldness but may cause sexual side effects.
122 citations
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July 2005 in “The FASEB journal” Hair follicles produce and respond to melatonin, affecting hair growth and sensitivity to estrogen.
122 citations
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June 2002 in “Genes & Development” Keratin 17 is crucial for early hair strength and cell survival.
121 citations
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January 1991 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” Terbinafine quickly builds up in skin and hair, staying effective for over 3 weeks.
116 citations
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May 1992 in “The American Journal of Medicine” Flutamide rarely causes liver toxicity in prostate cancer patients.
115 citations
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January 2001 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” Eflornithine cream effectively reduces women's unwanted facial hair but hair returns if treatment stops.
110 citations
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July 2017 in “Immunology” Skin's Regulatory T cells are crucial for maintaining skin health and could be targeted to treat immune-related skin diseases and cancer.
109 citations
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December 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology” Fetal wound healing changes with development, affecting inflammation and collagen, which may influence scarring.
101 citations
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January 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Nerves and chemicals in the body can affect hair growth and loss.
98 citations
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June 2008 in “Human mutation” A genetic change in the EDAR gene causes the unique hair traits found in East Asians.
98 citations
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April 1997 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Finasteride effectively blocks rat enzymes, but with varying methods and strength.
97 citations
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September 2016 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.
93 citations
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January 1996 in “Clinical Pharmacokinectics” Finasteride helps regrow hair and shrink prostate by reducing DHT, with some sexual side effects.
92 citations
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June 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” All-trans retinoic acid causes hair loss by increasing TGF-β2 in hair follicle cells.
92 citations
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November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
92 citations
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January 1999 in “Physics in Medicine and Biology” Skin can be cooled quickly and safely during laser treatments to protect it without affecting deeper layers.
91 citations
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May 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology” Prolactin affects hair growth cycles and can cause early hair follicle regression.
88 citations
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June 2016 in “Human Reproduction Update” New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.
88 citations
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January 2004 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Neurosteroids regulate synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord and may help manage spinal pain.