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GlossarySteroid Metabolism

process of breaking down and converting steroid hormones

Steroid metabolism refers to the process by which the body breaks down and converts steroid hormones, such as cortisol, testosterone, and estrogen, into other substances. This involves a series of biochemical reactions primarily in the liver, where enzymes modify the steroid molecules to make them more water-soluble, allowing for their excretion through urine or bile. Understanding steroid metabolism is crucial for both diagnosing and treating conditions related to hormone imbalances and for the development of steroid-based medications.

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research Distinctive features of steroid hormone metabolism in female patients with androgenic alopecia

June 2013 in “Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii”

Women with hair thinning have disrupted steroid hormone levels, but this doesn't often show as other health issues. More research is needed on hormone balance in this condition.

research Inflammation dynamically regulates steroid hormone metabolism and action within macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis

20 citations , June 2024 in “Journal of Autoimmunity”

Inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis increases steroid activation in cells, reducing inflammation.

research Relationship Between Steroid Hormones and Metabolic Profile in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

13 citations , March 2019 in “Physiological Research”

Overweight women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones that could indicate a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.

research Gender-specific alteration of steroid metabolism and its impact on viral replication in a mouse model of hepatitis B virus infection

2 citations , September 2024 in “Animal Cells and Systems”

Hepatitis B virus alters steroid hormones in male mice, reducing dihydrotestosterone to inhibit viral replication.

research Roles of steroid sulfatase in brain and other tissues

22 citations , January 2008 in “Physiological Research”

Steroid sulfatase is important for activating hormones that affect memory, brain function, and certain diseases, and could be a target for treating hormone-related disorders.

research Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) But Not Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (a-MSH) as a Mediator of Adrenalectomy Induced Hair Growth in Mink

16 citations , April 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

ACTH promotes hair growth in mink, but α-MSH does not.

research Untargeted Metabolomics and Steroid Signatures in Urine of Male Pattern Baldness Patients after Finasteride Treatment for a Year

8 citations , March 2020 in “Metabolites”

Finasteride treatment changes urine metabolomics and steroid signatures, potentially monitoring effectiveness but may cause sexual side effects.

research Human androgenic steroids affect growth of dermatophytes in vitro

24 citations , September 1996 in “Mycoses”

Androgenic steroids can slow down or stop the growth of certain skin fungi.

research Serum and hair steroid profiles and their associations with body composition in adolescence

November 2025 in “European Journal of Endocrinology”

Hair steroid profiling is a feasible, non-invasive alternative to serum analysis for assessing hormone levels and metabolism.

research Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Skin Lipid Metabolism Related to Wool Diameter in Sheep

10 citations , May 2016 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Lipid metabolism affects wool thickness in sheep.

research Prolonged use of finasteride-induced gonadal sex steroids alterations, DNA damage and menstrual bleeding in women

1 citations , January 2020 in “Bioscience Reports”

Long-term use of finasteride in women can cause hormonal changes, DNA damage, and menstrual issues.

research Serum and hair steroid profiles and their associations with body composition in adolescence.

November 2025 in “Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern”

Androgen levels are more linked to body size in boys than girls.

research Urinary steroid analysis of women with effluvium

July 1998 in “Chromatographia”

Women with effluvium have higher levels of certain urinary steroids, possibly due to stress and increased adrenal activity.

research A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of pioglitazone on cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome

24 citations , April 2008 in “Fertility and sterility”

Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and altered cortisol metabolism in PCOS patients.

research Ovine placental steroid synthesis and metabolism in late gestation†

9 citations , April 2018 in “Biology of reproduction”

Diet changes hormone levels in pregnant ewes by affecting metabolism, not placental synthesis.

research Serum C-19 steroid sulphates in females with clinical hyperandrogenism

4 citations , January 1989 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”

Women with hyperandrogenism have higher androgen levels and lower SHBG, which may contribute to conditions like excessive hair growth and early puberty.

research The acne hormones

November 2014 in “John Wiley & Sons, Ltd eBooks”

Eating high-glycemic and dairy foods can increase hormones that may cause acne and other health issues.

research METABOLISM OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE BY ISOLATED HUMAN HAIR FOLLICLES

7 citations , December 1971 in “European Journal of Endocrinology”

Human hair follicles can process steroid hormones like DHEA.

research Insulin administration alters gonadal steroid metabolism independent of changes in gonadotropin secretion in insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

202 citations , January 1989 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation”

Insulin changes sex hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting other hormone releases.

research Men and women, so different, so similar: observations from cross-sex hormone treatment of transsexual subjects

29 citations , May 2013 in “Andrologia”

Cross-sex hormone treatment in transsexual individuals helps understand how sex hormones affect diseases like heart disease and diabetes.

research Testosterone Hormone ; Clinical Indications, Dysregulation and Therapeutic methods

January 2024 in “Al-Ameed journal for medical research and health sciences”

Testosterone is vital for male health, and its deficiency is linked to aging and common health issues.

research Is dehydroepiandrosterone a hormone?

403 citations , November 2005 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

research Sex Hormones and Related Compounds, Including Hormonal Contraceptives

January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual”

The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.

research Steroid 5α-reductases and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: key enzymes in androgen metabolism

115 citations , March 2001 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

Key enzymes control androgen levels, affecting hormone activity and potential treatments.

research 24-Hydroxycholesterol suppresses steroid 5α-reductase-catalyzed conversion in human glioblastoma cell lines: A novel link between brain cholesterol homeostasis and androgen metabolism

January 2026 in “Neurochemistry International”

24-Hydroxycholesterol reduces DHT formation in brain cancer cells, linking cholesterol and hormone metabolism.

research Novel insights into the pathways regulating the canine hair cycle and their deregulation in alopecia X

18 citations , October 2017 in “PLOS ONE”

The study concluded that similar pathways regulate hair growth in dogs and mice, and these pathways are disrupted in dogs with Alopecia X, affecting stem cells and hormone metabolism.

research Alterations in Pattern Baldness According to Sex: Hair Metabolomics Approach

3 citations , March 2021 in “Metabolites”

Hair loss causes differ between men and women due to changes in hormone levels and inflammation-related pathways.

research RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ALOPECIAS

7 citations , May 1978 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Recent hair loss research shows some progress, especially in understanding male pattern baldness, but effective treatments for many types of hair loss are still lacking.

research Mapping of cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci in human scalp hair follicles

4 citations , November 2020 in “BMC Dermatology”

Researchers identified genes in scalp hair follicles that may affect hair traits and hair loss.

research Remarks on the Hormonal Background of the Male Equivalent of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1 citations , January 2021 in “Prague medical report”

Men might have a version of the female disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, shown by changes in hormone levels and early baldness, but more research is needed to fully understand it.