27 citations
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August 2014 in “Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology” The skin and thymus develop similarly to protect and support immunity.
20 citations
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February 1977 in “The anatomical record” Excess vitamin A changes skin and hair follicle development and affects polysaccharide distribution.
198 citations
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November 1989 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin K14 expression varies between hair follicles and epidermis, affecting cell differentiation.
41 citations
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July 1994 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Hair follicle cells need complex interactions to fully differentiate.
31 citations
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” ORS and hair matrix cells balance growth and differentiation better than normal keratinocytes, with human dermal fibroblasts crucial for proper differentiation.
8 citations
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January 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Transglutaminase activity is important for skin and is found in both mammals and birds.
48 citations
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December 2022 in “Biomolecules” 3D bioprinting shows promise for creating advanced skin for healing wounds and reducing animal testing.
22 citations
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October 2021 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” Three types of stem cells help maintain and repair skin, responding to health and environmental changes.
16 citations
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September 2018 in “Scientific reports” Scientists created keratinocyte cell lines from human hair that can differentiate similarly to normal skin cells, offering a new way to study skin biology and diseases.
12 citations
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September 2020 in “Stem cell research & therapy” Adult skin cell-based early-stage skin substitutes improve wound healing and hair growth in mice.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Early-stage skin substitutes improve wound healing and skin structure.
January 2013 in “Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery” Inserting hair follicle units improved the development of tissue-engineered skin.
425 citations
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August 2002 in “BioEssays” The cornified cell envelope forms a protective barrier in skin and hair, using specific proteins and lipids to maintain effectiveness.
184 citations
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September 2006 in “PLoS Genetics” The Apc gene is crucial for normal skin and thymus development.
133 citations
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June 1993 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology” The human K5 promoter controls specific gene expression in skin cells, with key regulatory elements near the TATA box.
96 citations
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September 1996 in “PubMed” Desmocollin 1 and 3 have distinct patterns in human tissues, with Dsc1 in specific skin and hair layers and Dsc3 in various epithelial layers.
79 citations
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June 1993 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology” The K5 promoter controls gene expression in skin cells, with specific DNA segments crucial for targeting and regulation.
64 citations
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April 1992 in “Differentiation” Sciellin is a protein that helps form protective layers in skin, hair, and nails.
39 citations
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March 2022 in “Nature Protocols” Scientists created hair-growing skin models from stem cells, which could help treat hair loss and skin diseases.
23 citations
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January 1986 Involucrin is crucial for skin cell maturation and protection.
2 citations
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September 2020 in “Pakistan Journal of Zoology” Adult Red Sindhi cattle have thicker skin and more developed skin features than young cattle.
2 citations
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August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.
85 citations
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July 2012 in “Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology” The skin protects the body and is constantly renewed by stem cells; disruptions can lead to cancer.
November 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Skin cells and certain hair follicle areas produce hemoglobin, which may help protect against oxidative stress like UV damage.
30 citations
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September 2000 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Fatty acid composition in human skin, mouth, and hair cells varies with keratinization, and cultured cells show essential fatty acid deficiency.
14 citations
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April 1995 in “Transplantation” Human hair follicle cells can be used to help heal and replace skin.
December 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” The Spherical Skin Model improves drug and cosmetic testing by accurately mimicking human skin for efficient compound screening.
14 citations
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May 2022 in “Stem cell reports” The study created hair-bearing skin models that lack a key protein for skin layer attachment, limiting their use for certain skin disease research.
26 citations
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January 2022 The skin is essential for protection, temperature control, and immune defense.