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GlossarySubcutaneous Tissue

layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the skin

Subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis, is the layer of tissue directly beneath the skin (dermis). It consists primarily of fat and connective tissue, providing insulation, energy storage, and cushioning to protect underlying muscles and bones. This layer also contains larger blood vessels and nerves, playing a crucial role in thermoregulation and sensation.

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Evidence for Masculinization of Adipokine Gene Expression in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

research Evidence for Masculinization of Adipokine Gene Expression in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

58 citations , January 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Obese women with PCOS show a male-like pattern in certain fat tissue gene expressions.

research Expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) messenger RNA in the developing subcutaneous tissue (SQ) of the fetal pig.

11 citations , January 1992 in “PubMed”

TGF-beta 1 and IGF-II mRNA have specific patterns in pig subcutaneous tissue, affecting fat and muscle development.

Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Associated with Adiposity

research Expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with adiposity

18 citations , December 2010 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

Increased HSD11B1 enzyme expression is linked to higher body fat and insulin resistance.

research Melanocyte progenitor cells reside in human subcutaneous adipose tissue

18 citations , August 2021 in “PLoS ONE”

Melanocyte progenitor cells are found in human fat tissue and can become mature melanocytes, which may help treat skin issues.

research Increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue in the frontal scalp may be associated with androgenetic alopecia and metabolic syndrome.

June 2023 in “PubMed”

Thicker scalp fat may link hair loss with metabolic syndrome.

research Comparison of disease severity and ultrasonographic abdominal subcutaneous fatty tissue thickness in hirsute women

September 2018 in “Cumhuriyet medical journal”

Women with more body hair tend to have thicker belly fat and more metabolic health issues.

The Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues: Conditions, Diagnosis, and Systemic Implications

research The Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues

1 citations , January 2013 in “Springer eBooks”

The document concludes that skin and nail changes can indicate various underlying health conditions.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Diseases: Current Evidence from Clinical Trials

research Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for the treatment of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases: current evidence from clinical trials

November 2025 in “Eurasian journal of applied biotechnology”

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes show promise for treating skin and tissue diseases.

research Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes in the Treatment of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Diseases: A Review

July 2025 in “Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

MSC-Exo are safe and effective for treating skin diseases.

Cell and Tissue Damage After Skin Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Short- and Long-Term Effects After Single and Fractional Doses

research Cell and Tissue Damage after Skin Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Short- and Long-Term Effects after a Single and Fractional Doses

14 citations , January 2014 in “Cells Tissues Organs”

Ionizing radiation causes irreversible skin damage, with single doses leading to acute injury and hair graying, and fractional doses causing more severe long-term tissue damage.

Comparative Morphological Characterization of Skin after Subcutaneous Application of Hyaluronic Acid and Polycaprolactone in Rats: Establishment of an Experimental Model

research Comparative Morphological Characterization of Skin after Subcutaneous Application of Hyaluronic Acid and Polycaprolactone in Rats: Establishment of an Experimental Model

June 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Hyaluronic acid and polycaprolactone improve skin regeneration, with polycaprolactone having a stronger effect on healing and tissue repair.

research Facial Soft Tissue Augmentation in Males: An Anatomical and Practical Approach

14 citations , August 2017 in “Dermatologic surgery”

Men are getting more facial fillers, and doctors should use different techniques and fillers for men's unique facial features to get natural results.

research Soft Tissue Augmentation of the Temporal Brow in Browlifting Surgery

November 2014 in “Springer eBooks”

Using a patient's own tissue for browlifting can improve both the position and fullness of the brow for a longer-lasting rejuvenation.

research Tracing the Change and Contribution of Subcutaneous Adipose to Skin Expansion Using a Luciferase-Transgenic Fat Transplantation Model

4 citations , May 2023 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery”

Adipose tissue helps skin expand by increasing blood vessels and cell growth.

research 559 Induction of tissue-specific premature stem cell aging promotes senescence-like phenotypes in remote multiple organs

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Aging in one type of stem cell can cause aging-like changes in various organs.

research Adverse cutaneous reactions to soft tissue fillers – a review of the histological features

97 citations , May 2008 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Different soft tissue fillers can cause various skin reactions; biodegradable fillers are safer and non-biodegradable ones like silicone can lead to long-term problems.

research Tissue engineering in burn scar reconstruction

41 citations , January 2015 in “Burns & Trauma”

Tissue engineering improves burn scar reconstruction by using skin substitutes and replacing damaged tissues.

research Biocompatibility of tissue engineering scaffolds made from keratin biomaterials

1 citations , March 2006 in “The FASEB journal”

Keratin-based scaffolds are safe and effective for tissue engineering.

research Dermal white adipose tissue: Development and impact on hair follicles, skin defense, and fibrosis

3 citations , September 2024 in “The FASEB Journal”

Dermal white adipose tissue helps regulate hair growth, protect skin, and aid wound healing.

Hand Rejuvenation: Multistage Protocol for Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues

research Hand rejuvenation

16 citations , December 2004 in “Aesthetic surgery journal”

The hand rejuvenation method makes hands look younger by improving skin and filling out tissues.

research Linear Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Following Blaschko’s Lines on the Scalp: Additional Cases and Review of the Literature

1 citations , April 2022 in “HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine”

Linear cutaneous lupus erythematosus on the scalp is rare, often affects young Asians, and can be treated with specific medications.

research Giant congenital cerebriform pigmented nevus of scalp: case report

1 citations , May 2007 in “Chinese Medical Journal”

Complete removal of large scalp nevi is recommended to prevent complications.

research High‐frequency ultrasonography of the scalp: A comparison between androgenetic alopecia and healthy volunteers

1 citations , July 2024 in “Skin Research and Technology”

High-frequency ultrasound can effectively visualize and assess hair loss.

research Development and Skin Penetration Pathway Evaluation Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Microemulsions for Dermal Delivery Enhancement of Finasteride

1 citations , December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics”

Finasteride-loaded microemulsions can effectively enhance skin delivery for treating hair loss.

research Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin

277 citations , July 2011 in “Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association”

The skin's layers protect, sense, and regulate the body's internal balance, but can be prone to cancer.

Reprogramming Adult Dermis to a Neonatal State Through Epidermal Activation of Beta-Catenin

research Reprogramming adult dermis to a neonatal state through epidermal activation of β-catenin

128 citations , October 2011 in “Development”

Activating a protein called β-catenin in adult skin can make it behave like young skin, potentially helping with skin aging and hair loss.

research The riddle of genuine skin microrelief and wrinkles

52 citations , November 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Different types of wrinkles need specific treatments.

research General theory of skin reinforcement

18 citations , August 2017 in “PLOS ONE”

Skin and its underlying fat layer act together to resist mechanical stress, and reinforcing this composite structure may help more with anti-aging than just strengthening the skin alone.

research Wwox Deficiency Causes Downregulation of Prosurvival ERK Signaling and Abnormal Homeostatic Responses in Mouse Skin

6 citations , October 2020 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology”

WWOX deficiency in mice causes skin and fat tissue problems due to disrupted cell survival signals.

research Morphological characteristics and notes of the skin in preclinical toxicity assessment

2 citations , December 2022 in “Journal of toxicologic pathology”

Skin structure complexity and variability are crucial for assessing skin toxicity in safety tests.