48 citations
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July 1996 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” Human enzymes can detoxify harmful substances but might also increase their cancer risk.
11 citations
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January 1989 Two patients had a unique form of trichothiodystrophy with reduced high-sulfur proteins in their hair.
144 citations
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May 1990 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” 2 citations
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January 1968 in “PubMed” Sulfur-containing radioprotectors can protect hair from X-ray damage if given before exposure but worsen damage if given after.
22 citations
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December 2020 in “mSphere” A fungal enzyme was used to make compounds more soluble, aiding drug discovery and crop protection.
2 citations
,
September 1996 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” Potassium cyanide changes hair's disulfide bonds to monosulfide, affecting high-sulfur proteins more.
54 citations
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January 1984 in “Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry” September 2016 in “Journal of Engineering and Technological Science” Women with telogen effluvium have an imbalance in thiol-disulphide, suggesting oxidative stress may contribute to hair loss.
September 1978 in “PubMed” Chondroitin sulphate is more abundant than hyaluronic acid in skin and hair samples, except in gamma-keratosis.
62 citations
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December 2007 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” A specific chemical change in the S100A3 protein leads to the formation of a four-part structure important for hair formation.
December 2025 in “Biomolecules” Targeting protein S-palmitoylation could lead to new skin disease treatments.
December 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Thiol/disulfide balance is normal in male AGA patients but shifts towards oxidative stress with emotional stress and low vitamin D.
January 2018 in “ScholarWorks @UVM (University of Vermont)” Selenium in proteins helps prevent over-oxidation and supports chemical reversibility.
2 citations
,
January 1975 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Certain enzymes react strongly with some hormones in rat skin during hair growth, mainly in sebaceous glands and hair sheaths.
26 citations
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December 1990 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Two specific genes are more active during hair growth in mice.
4 citations
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December 1989 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Human hair proteins have similar cysteine and glycine levels to skin proteins.
11 citations
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September 1996 in “Journal of applied polymer science” Potassium cyanide treatment changes hair's disulfide bonds, making it more elastic.
51 citations
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
135 citations
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October 1997 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Selenium disulfide shampoo effectively reduces dandruff and is well-liked by users.
16 citations
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September 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Hydrophobic modifications make human hair less affected by water.
January 2011 in “대한피부과학회지” A 7-year-old girl was diagnosed with trichothiodystrophy due to low sulfur levels in her hair.
6 citations
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June 1976 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
January 2026 in “Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry” A new, efficient method creates sulfinimidate esters from sulfenamides and alcohols without metals.
29 citations
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August 2005 in “Biopolymers” L-cysteine slows down the breaking of bonds in hair due to electrostatic interactions.
15 citations
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January 1988 Hair follicles have unique proteins that vary by species and are influenced by nutrition.
2 citations
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January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Washing permed hair after using thioglycolic acid helps reform strong bonds, making hair stronger.
11 citations
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February 2018 in “Amino acids” Copper and iron cause keratin damage in hair by converting methionine to homocysteine.
May 2022 in “Experimental dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy hair is structurally abnormal with protein and organization issues.