January 2010 in “Journal of Animal Science” Transcutaneous vaccination using nanoparticles can enhance immune responses and reduce basal cell carcinomas.
The 16th-century mummy's hair was well-preserved due to a calcium coating.
47 citations
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November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” Surface-modified nanoparticles mainly use non-follicular pathways to enhance skin permeation of ibuprofen and could improve treatment for inflammatory skin diseases.
60 citations
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February 2015 in “Biomaterials” A surface with VEGF can specifically capture endothelial cells from flowing fluids.
12 citations
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January 2018 in “Biomaterials Science” Softer hydrogel surfaces help maintain hair growth-related functions in skin cells.
5 citations
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December 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Treatments improved hair surface and scale structure but didn't increase certain bonds in the hair cortex.
1 citations
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January 2019 in “Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports” Changing hair's surface and structure can help protect its natural oils from being washed away.
July 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Skin's uneven surface and hair follicles affect its stress and strain but don't change its overall strength, and help prevent the skin from peeling apart.
60 citations
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August 1969 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Germicides mostly stay on the skin's surface, but some penetrate deeper depending on the product used.
56 citations
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July 2004 in “Mechanisms of Development” Pax9 is crucial for proper tongue surface development and preventing skin-like changes.
1 citations
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August 1992 in “Proceedings annual meeting Electron Microscopy Society of America” Mammoth hair from different ages shows distinct surface textures and elemental compositions.
November 2004 in “Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden)” Active agents mainly stay on the hair surface after short washes.
5 citations
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January 1964 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology” Iodine is absorbed by hair just below the skin surface.
3 citations
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April 2011 in “Microscopy research and technique” Teratoma hair is similar to scalp hair but has a rougher surface and lower adhesive force.
3 citations
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July 2003 in “PubMed” The research found a way to measure hair surface changes by analyzing how light reflects off of it, and determined hair cuticle angles vary by hair length and color.
April 2023 in “CRC Press eBooks” Hair care products mainly work on the hair's surface and need professional guidance for use.
2 citations
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March 2018 in “ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering” Heating human hair creates hollow microtubes with smooth surfaces.
6 citations
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January 2005 in “Han-guk hyeonmigyeong hakoeji/Applied microscopy” The 16th-century mummy's hair was well-preserved due to a calcium surface coat.
4 citations
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March 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” SPRY1 deficiency in skin cells causes stem cells to move to the skin surface, leading to increased pigmentation.
January 2022 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Nanoparticles in sunscreen are generally safe as they stay on the skin's surface.
2 citations
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November 2025 in “Pharmaceutics” Moderately lipophilic dyes penetrate skin deeply, while highly hydrophobic or lipophilic dyes stay on the surface.
1 citations
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July 2025 in “JCI Insight” Hair follicle stem cells help maintain skin health by moving to and supporting the skin's surface layers.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Clinical dermatology review” A young man's cheek papule was identified as a benign hair follicle tumor using a skin surface microscope.
April 2020 in “Food Research” The document discusses various topics including the use of plant derivatives for hair loss, potential food additives, antioxidant properties of different extracts, and the study of bacteria on stainless steel surfaces.
4 citations
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March 2021 in “Journal of Surfactants and Detergents” Shampoo B, which uses water-soluble silicone, is better at detangling hair in wet conditions due to its two-layer conditioning film.
64 citations
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October 2017 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Chitosan-coated nanoparticles can effectively deliver positively charged drugs through the skin using iontophoresis.
39 citations
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August 2017 in “Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces” 50-nm nanoparticles are better at penetrating skin and targeting hair follicles for drug delivery than 100-nm ones.
25 citations
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August 2020 in “Experimental eye research/Experimental Eye Research” Different types of cells in the eye express specific keratins at various stages of development.
16 citations
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August 2014 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Lipid-coated silica nanoparticles penetrate human skin more deeply than bare silica nanoparticles.
January 2006 in “Chinese Journal of Dermatology” Amelanotic melanocytes from hair follicles are immature and likely don't transfer melanosomes to keratinocytes.