34 citations
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December 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Too much thymosin beta4 causes weird teeth and more hair growth in mice.
2 citations
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April 2007 in “Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals” The conclusion is that tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites can be made and are better converted into dihydrotestosterone in skin cells than in prostate tissue.
Testosterone in human pancreas cells boosts insulin production.
October 2012 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Thymic peptides can either promote or inhibit human hair growth.
Testosterone in our bodies helps increase insulin secretion from the pancreas.
January 2026 in “Biochemical Pharmacology” 2 citations
,
August 2016 in “Surgery for obesity and related diseases” TSH is not reliable for detecting hypothyroidism after bariatric surgery; FT3/rT3 ratio is better.
146 citations
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December 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “eLife” TLR2 is important for hair growth and can be targeted to treat hair loss.
2 citations
,
September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
110 citations
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April 2009 in “Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton” β‐thymosins, especially thymosin β4, help in heart protection, wound healing, and hair growth by stabilizing actin in cells.
44 citations
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July 2011 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Thyroid hormone affects skin health, with too little causing rough, pale skin and too much leading to smooth, thin skin, and may also impact wound healing and skin conditions.
24 citations
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March 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TIP39 and PTH2R help control calcium levels and skin cell development.
October 2025 in “Cell Reports” Regulatory T cells help hair growth by using the Cxcr4-Cxcl12 pathway.
6 citations
,
April 1996 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” TGF-alpha is present in sheep and ferret skin and may affect hair growth without directly stimulating cell proliferation.
August 2019 in “Journal of Invertebrate Pathology” Thymosin beta 4 protects cells from damage by blocking a harmful microRNA and boosting a protective gene.
21 citations
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November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
321 citations
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January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Taking thyroid medication reduced the patient's pituitary gland swelling and improved her symptoms.
11 citations
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September 2011 in “Biochemical journal” Neurotrophin-4 increases calcium current in specific mouse neurons through the PI3K pathway.
51 citations
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July 2013 in “Brain Research” Testosterone needs to be converted to DHT to reduce stress response in male rats.
19 citations
,
June 1997 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The treatment successfully lowered testosterone levels and reduced symptoms.
204 citations
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May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) promotes hair growth by stimulating specific skin cells.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “International journal of endocrinology” Dihydrotestosterone changes some hormone-related gene expressions in rat pituitary glands but doesn't affect the estrous cycle.
January 2024 in “Inflammation and regeneration” Th22 cells are essential for Tβ15-induced hair growth in mice.
3 citations
,
November 1998 in “PubMed” 88 citations
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September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
TLR2 is crucial for hair growth and regeneration, and boosting it can help prevent hair loss.
24 citations
,
July 2011 in “PubMed” Thyroid hormones affect skin texture, hair and nail growth, and can cause skin diseases related to thyroid problems.