9 citations
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January 1997 in “Endocrine Journal” Gonadal biopsy is the best method to diagnose gonadal dysgenesis.
49 citations
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March 2018 in “Toxicological sciences” Low doses of mixed chemicals cause permanent reproductive malformations in male rats.
18 citations
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November 2007 in “Annals of Surgery” Finasteride reduces inflammation and improves immune response after trauma by altering hormone levels.
September 2025 in “Cureus” Equilibrium dialysis can accurately measure testosterone levels when lab results are inconsistent.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
June 2014 in “The Journal of Urology” January 2011 in “InTech eBooks” Pesticide exposure may increase the risk of hypospadias in males.
11 citations
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April 2020 in “Andrology” Testosterone replacement therapy, especially intramuscular, raises PSA levels, but no overall link between PSA and testosterone was found except in non-BPH patients.
6 citations
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January 2010 in “Case Reports” A woman with high testosterone and an adrenal nodule had an ovarian tumor causing her symptoms, which improved after the tumor was removed.
October 2019 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The junction of the inner and outer prepuce with good blood flow is best for vascular pedicle flaps.
7 citations
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October 2017 in “The Prostate” Baldness in men with prostate cancer is linked to higher levels of certain sex hormones, but chest hair density is not.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Chemotherapy and radiation therapy cause skin and hair damage by altering gene expression and signaling pathways.
5 citations
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October 2014 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Triptorelin helps evaluate hormone production in Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors.
1 citations
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April 2015 in “Cytokine” Finasteride improves immune response and reduces organ damage after trauma hemorrhage in mice.
14 citations
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March 2014 in “Experimental and Molecular Pathology” Sulfur mustard damages hair follicles and sebaceous glands in mice.
162 citations
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April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
35 citations
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February 1994 in “Fundamental and applied toxicology” High doses of finasteride cause cell growth and tumors in mice.
6 citations
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August 2020 in “Frontiers in Pediatrics” Penile strangulation from hair can cause severe harm but can be treated if caught early.
February 2024 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” 5-α reductase inhibitors do not significantly affect male reproductive function but may reduce semen volume.
March 2017 in “Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Abuse of anabolic steroids in Iraqi athletes leads to negative effects on hormones, liver and kidney function, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels.
2 citations
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October 2000 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride daily doesn't affect sperm production or semen in young men.
13 citations
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September 2013 in “Steroids” The DHT immunoassay is unreliable due to high cross-reactivity with testosterone.
May 1999 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” The gymnast's wrist pain and delayed menstruation are linked to intense exercise, requiring reduced activity and monitoring.
December 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride for hair loss may cause erectile dysfunction due to tissue fibrosis, and various factors contribute to female sexual dysfunction.
3 citations
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January 2021 in “Minia Journal of Medical Research” Cyclophosphamide severely damages the intestinal lining in rats.
Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.
June 2018 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Gray-scale ultrasound effectively detects erectile tissue fibrosis in young men with erectile dysfunction after using finasteride.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
June 2018 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride helps female-pattern hair loss.