7 citations
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January 2003 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.
14 citations
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January 2014 in “Cells Tissues Organs” Ionizing radiation causes irreversible skin damage, with single doses leading to acute injury and hair graying, and fractional doses causing more severe long-term tissue damage.
15 citations
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July 2019 in “Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry” Finasteride helps prevent kidney stones, but side effects need more research.
6 citations
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August 2020 in “Frontiers in Pediatrics” Penile strangulation from hair can cause severe harm but can be treated if caught early.
67 citations
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April 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A subtle androgen receptor abnormality can allow normal male development and sometimes fertility despite partial androgen resistance.
5 citations
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June 2008 in “Acta Cirurgica Brasileira” Finasteride causes sperm production decrease in Mesocricetus auratus.
3 citations
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January 1994 in “Toxicological Sciences” Finasteride causes abnormal growth in male mice cells at high doses.
26 citations
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March 2001 in “PubMed” Men's fertility and sexual health decline with age, with reduced testosterone and virility, and many lose fertility by their eighties.
17 citations
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January 2013 in “Our Dermatology Online” Dutasteride mesotherapy helps treat male hair loss but may harm sperm and sexual function.
45 citations
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March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
162 citations
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April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
71 citations
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August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
2 citations
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January 2004 in “Korean Journal of Andrology”
1 citations
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December 1998 in “PubMed” Surgery on a 68-year-old woman with an ovarian tumor led to reduced hirsutism and normal testosterone levels.
January 2023 in “The Annals of african surgery” Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
6 citations
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April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
1 citations
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February 2018 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Ultrasound shows 96% of young men with erectile dysfunction after using finasteride have abnormal penile tissue.
14 citations
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October 2022 in “Journal of the American Heart Association” Lower testosterone levels may increase heart failure risk in older men.
16 citations
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March 2019 in “Experimental dermatology” Injury changes how hair follicle stem cells behave, depending on the hair growth stage.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare pituitary tumor in an 18-year-old male caused hormonal issues and vision loss, requiring surgery and further treatment.
14 citations
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March 2017 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open” Hair follicle damage happens during hair transplants and can impact success; better surgical methods are needed.
December 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride for hair loss may cause erectile dysfunction due to tissue fibrosis, and various factors contribute to female sexual dysfunction.
2 citations
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October 2000 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride daily doesn't affect sperm production or semen in young men.
15 citations
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January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” 5α-Reductase inhibitors can negatively affect male sexual function and, in some cases, significantly reduce sperm count, but these effects may be reversible.
14 citations
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March 2014 in “Experimental and Molecular Pathology” Sulfur mustard damages hair follicles and sebaceous glands in mice.
7 citations
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February 2024 in “The Journal of Physiology” Reduced plakoglobin and steroid abuse increase the risk of heart rhythm issues.
33 citations
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January 2009 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” Finasteride reduces prostate cancer risk but may affect ejaculatory volume and requires careful consideration for young men.
9 citations
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January 1997 in “Endocrine Journal” Gonadal biopsy is the best method to diagnose gonadal dysgenesis.
7 citations
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June 2020 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Finasteride for hair loss may cause lasting sexual, genitourinary, mental, and anti-androgenic side effects in young men.