November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
1 citations
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October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
1 citations
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January 2021 January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
May 2021 in “Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine” A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.
54 citations
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April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
9 citations
,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
1 citations
,
January 2017 in “Tohoku journal of experimental medicine” A woman's mature cystic teratoma caused her virilization by producing testosterone.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Cases Journal” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which improved after surgery.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe male-like symptoms were caused by a rare, benign tumor in her ovary that produced male hormones.
September 2024 in “Pediatrics in Review” Parental support and gender-affirming care are crucial for the mental health of transgender adolescents.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
October 2022 in “Miscellaneous” A rare, non-cancerous ovarian tumor was successfully treated with surgery, improving the patient's symptoms.
21 citations
,
December 1977 in “Journal of pediatric surgery” Individuals with male pseudohermaphroditism often do better raised as females with early surgery.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
3 citations
,
February 2018 in “Human Reproduction” A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
70 citations
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April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's masculine features were caused by a rare ovarian tumor that produced male hormones.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
11 citations
,
September 2015 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone boosts fluid and electrolyte secretion in seminal vesicles, aiding sperm function.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” Thorough evaluation is crucial for postmenopausal women with virilization to detect rare ovarian tumors.
1 citations
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November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An ovarian tumor caused a woman's male-like symptoms, which improved after surgery.
September 2024 in “Electronic Journal of General Medicine” Diagnosing Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors is challenging due to their unusual symptoms and can occur at any age.
41 citations
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March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In STSD patients, the body compensates for low androgen levels by increasing another enzyme's activity.
24 citations
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December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Transgender women can develop feminine traits and improve their quality of life through hormone therapy and surgery, but results vary and access to surgery can be limited.