November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.
24 citations
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December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Transgender women can develop feminine traits and improve their quality of life through hormone therapy and surgery, but results vary and access to surgery can be limited.
December 2021 in “Aegean journal of obstetrics and gynecology” A woman's male-like physical changes were caused by two rare ovarian conditions.
December 2022 in “Journal of Medical Case Reports” A 20-year-old woman was found to have a rare ovarian tumor causing symptoms like acne and a low-pitched voice, which disappeared after the tumor was removed.
1 citations
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April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
1 citations
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September 2017 in “Zhonghua neifenmi daixie zazhi” Routine genetic testing is crucial for early diagnosis and better management of Turner’s syndrome with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
46 citations
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August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
41 citations
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March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In STSD patients, the body compensates for low androgen levels by increasing another enzyme's activity.
71 citations
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August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
25 citations
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September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
March 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Surgery removed ovarian tumors, normalizing testosterone and improving symptoms.
September 2006 in “Pediatrics in Review” Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for complex medical conditions.
45 citations
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March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
31 citations
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September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's ovarian fibroma caused high testosterone levels, which normalized after surgery.
2 citations
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May 2018 in “Diagnosis” A 68-year-old woman developed male traits due to a tumor in her ovary, which was removed, returning her hormone levels to normal.
26 citations
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December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An ovarian tumor caused a woman's male-like symptoms, which improved after surgery.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's high testosterone and related symptoms were caused by overactive cells in her ovaries.
January 1977 in “Case Reports in Medicine” Steroid cell tumors in the ovary are rare, can produce testosterone causing symptoms, and are mainly treated with surgery.
2 citations
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March 2018 in “BMJ Case Reports” Check hormone levels in older women to find hidden conditions like certain tumors.
204 citations
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May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
1 citations
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October 2024 in “BMJ Case Reports” Fertility-preserving surgery can help women with early-stage Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors conceive naturally.
9 citations
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March 2009 in “Endocrine Practice”
1 citations
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December 1998 in “PubMed” Surgery on a 68-year-old woman with an ovarian tumor led to reduced hirsutism and normal testosterone levels.
3 citations
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January 2008 in “Endocrine journal” A new mutation linked to partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and prostate cancer was found in a patient unhappy with their female gender assignment.
54 citations
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
March 2016 in “The Journal of Urology” The discovery of 5α-reductase deficiency in guevedoces led to the development of important urologic medications.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.