26 citations
,
November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
15 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.
11 citations
,
February 1980 in “BMJ. British medical journal” Hirsutism is common body hair growth due to genetics and hormones, and while not a disease, it can be distressing; virilisation includes hirsutism with other male traits and needs medical attention.
31 citations
,
September 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Testosterone therapy may slightly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women, but its long-term safety is unknown.
41 citations
,
December 2016 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormone therapy and surgeries for transgender individuals affect their skin and hair, requiring specific dermatologic treatments and respectful care.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women appears safe and may protect against heart disease, but requires constant monitoring and more research for long-term effects.
32 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of neurochemistry” Sex hormones affect brain injury differently in males and females.
8 citations
,
March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
4 citations
,
January 2006 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency may disrupt rat epididymis function by affecting estrogen receptors.
June 2002 in “Current obstetrics and gynaecology/Current obstetrics & gynaecology” Hirsutism, excessive hair growth in women, often caused by high androgen levels and polycystic ovary syndrome, can be treated with medication and weight management.
18 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.
1 citations
,
April 2024 in “Archives of disease in childhood” Many children and teens referred to gender services receive hormone treatments, but more research is needed on their long-term care and outcomes.
3 citations
,
August 2021 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Facial hair is crucial for transgender men's gender identity and transition.
13 citations
,
May 1996 in “Archives of Disease in Childhood” Siblings with signs of virilization should be tested for non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which does not affect adult height but may impact fertility and well-being if untreated.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH” Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian tumors that can cause symptoms like menorrhagia.
November 1993 in “PubMed” Hirsutism, excessive male-pattern hair in women, can be caused by high androgens or skin sensitivity, diagnosed by testosterone levels, and treated with hair removal and hormone therapy.
23 citations
,
June 1945 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Hirsutism in females is complex, often linked to tumors, and requires more research for better treatment.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormonal therapy in adults with gender dysphoria often leads to skin issues like acne, requiring a team of skin and hormone doctors.
Benign ovarian tumors can cause excess male hormones and related conditions in postmenopausal women.
4 citations
,
June 2005 in “Andrology” A woman's diabetes improved after removing ovarian tumors that caused high testosterone levels.
August 2013 in “Fertility and sterility” Metformin can help diagnose and treat high testosterone levels in women, often due to insulin resistance rather than a tumor.
1 citations
,
February 2024 in “Pharmacognosy Journal” Fenugreek seed extract boosts testosterone and improves male reproductive health without heart side effects.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Oncological Medicine” Consider Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome patients with adnexal masses.
October 2019 in “European heart journal” Androgen-deprivation therapies increase the risk of certain heart conditions, but testosterone treatment may help.
May 2026 in “Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Cases” Leydig cell tumors can cause hormone issues in postmenopausal women even if imaging looks normal.
7 citations
,
November 1997 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy can be linked to urologic issues and high calcium in urine.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's hair loss and other symptoms were due to a rare hormone deficiency treatable with steroids.
1 citations
,
February 2022 in “Case reports in endocrinology” An unusual growth of Leydig cells in a woman's ovaries caused her excessive hair growth, which was treated successfully with surgery.
August 2020 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Finasteride, at doses of 5mg or higher, may negatively affect male fertility by reducing the expression of certain genes involved in sperm production.
75 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.