11 citations
,
April 2020 in “Andrology” Testosterone replacement therapy, especially intramuscular, raises PSA levels, but no overall link between PSA and testosterone was found except in non-BPH patients.
April 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Persistent ED in Propecia users is not due to abnormal blood flow.
6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
7 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Dutasteride is linked to a higher chance of sexual dysfunction, especially in younger males and the elderly.
1 citations
,
February 2022 in “Online journal of biological sciences” The document does not determine if adults with aphallia are fertile.
April 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors significantly affect the penile tissue of hypertensive rats.
October 1999 in “The Journal of Urology” New treatments and diagnostic methods for urological conditions show promise, but some lack sufficient accuracy for clinical use.
45 citations
,
April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
15 citations
,
May 2010 in “Pediatrics in Review” Delayed puberty often runs in families, can affect growth, and may need hormone treatment.
November 2010 in “International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience”
42 citations
,
December 2007 in “American Journal of Psychiatry” Finasteride may effectively reduce Tourette's syndrome symptoms and improve life quality.
June 2026 in “Scientific Reports” Testosterone makes XX skin more like male skin by changing its structure and cell makeup.
5 citations
,
December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
75 citations
,
January 2014 in “Korean Journal of Urology” 5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.
February 2024 in “Urology” Certain medications, especially Paroxetine, Tamsulosin, and Finasteride, are linked to ejaculatory disorders.
7 citations
,
April 2000 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine”
21 citations
,
January 2021 in “Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone may have a dual role in COVID-19, potentially worsening outcomes in men, and testosterone therapy could help some patients, but more research is needed.
3 citations
,
January 1985 in “Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica” A rare ovarian tumor caused early puberty signs in a 1-year-old girl, but surgery reduced hormone levels.
August 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Medicine” The document concludes that various medications and treatments can have significant, sometimes adverse, effects on health outcomes.
9 citations
,
December 2021 in “Androgens” Androgens like testosterone may help treat traumatic brain injury by reducing mitochondrial stress and inflammation.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for insulin secretion in males.
January 2020 in “Research Portal Denmark” A short male anogenital distance may indicate incomplete masculinization due to disrupted androgen action.
August 2025 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride, dutasteride, and silodosin have the highest risk for causing sexual dysfunction.
May 2017 in “Urology and andrology” Finasteride and dutasteride, used for prostate issues and hair loss, can cause side effects like sexual dysfunction and mental issues, which may continue even after stopping the medication, a condition called post-finasteride syndrome, for which there's currently no cure.
57 citations
,
July 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” 5α-reductase inhibitors increase the risk of sexual dysfunction, especially in men with enlarged prostate.
1 citations
,
September 2017 in “Zhonghua neifenmi daixie zazhi” Routine genetic testing is crucial for early diagnosis and better management of Turner’s syndrome with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor that produced testosterone caused a blood clot in the lungs and increased red blood cells in a woman.
14 citations
,
May 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Lower testosterone levels increase kidney stone risk in men over 40.
January 2025 in “International Journal Of Scientific Advances” Topical testosterone can cause acne-like skin changes.
1 citations
,
August 2023 in “Andrology” Finasteride changes hormone levels and certain proteins in rats, but these effects can be reversed after stopping the drug.