16 citations
,
August 2004 in “Tetrahedron” Scientists made all eight versions of a compound called cyoctol, but found it's not an anti-androgen and it fully breaks down in the skin.
162 citations
,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire but needs more safety research and should be used with estrogen therapy.
9 citations
,
November 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” The new LC-MS/MS method is more accurate and reliable than traditional immunoassays for measuring steroids in serum.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
2 citations
,
March 2025 in “Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science” Testosterone is important for women's health, but more research is needed to guide its use.
17 citations
,
December 2015 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry” 3-tetrazolo steroidal analogs can strongly inhibit the enzyme linked to hair loss.
1 citations
,
January 2010 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone therapy may help men with osteoporosis.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
9 citations
,
March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” New signs like changes in blood markers, physical symptoms, and behavioral shifts may help detect hidden steroid use in athletes.
16 citations
,
October 2007 in “Andrologia” DHT is a strong androgen that may pose less risk to the prostate compared to testosterone.
September 2018 in “The Journal of Urology” Clomiphene citrate is a cheap and simple treatment for low testosterone that works as well as human chorionic gonadotropin, alone or combined, especially for men who want to keep their fertility.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.
Testosterone therapy can safely and effectively treat symptoms like low libido and fatigue in women, especially after menopause.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
34 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
29 citations
,
November 1975 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.
1 citations
,
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Hormonal contraceptives and related compounds can increase health risks like thrombosis and affect sexual function.
November 2017 in “Reactions Weekly” Testosterone undecanoate caused hair loss; finasteride improved it but caused stomach issues for one patient.
17 citations
,
January 1986 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Spironolactone can reduce hair growth and testosterone in hirsutism, but is less effective than combined treatments.
19 citations
,
March 2010 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” Curcumin and its derivatives can block an enzyme important for making testosterone, with one derivative being particularly strong.
17 citations
,
August 2015 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” The study found that urine metabolites M1b or M4 are the best indicators of ATD use in horses, with detection possible up to 77 hours in urine and 28 hours in blood.
23 citations
,
October 2015 in “Andrology” New male hormonal contraceptives show promise but need more research on long-term effects and funding for larger trials.
June 2026 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Clascoterone cream is a safer, effective acne treatment with fewer side effects.
21 citations
,
January 2008 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Anastrozole and cyproterone acetate treatment can help increase adult height in boys with testotoxicosis.
December 2005 in “Endocrine-related cancer” A woman's adrenal tumor disappeared after treatment with cyproterone acetate.
Testosterone in human pancreas cells boosts insulin production.
25 citations
,
May 2003 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” Steroid Sulfatase inhibitors show promise in treating hormone-dependent disorders like cancers, hair loss, and acne, with 667COUMATE being a potential candidate for breast cancer treatment trials.
451 citations
,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.