February 2026 in “Cureus” Ciclosporin can cause excessive hair growth even with testosterone blockers.
December 2024 in “Journal of Cancer Therapy and Research” Artocarpus heterophyllus seed extract may help treat prostate inflammation without side effects.
September 2023 in “Biology of reproduction” New testosterone analogs show promise for male contraception with better activity and potentially fewer side effects.
May 2023 in “International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and medicine” Sunflower oil was found to promote hair growth in mice with hormone-induced hair loss.
July 2022 in “World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews” Piptadeniastrum africanum and Cordia plathytyrsa can increase testosterone without major metabolic changes, but may affect triglycerides and creatinine.
February 2018 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Natesto nasal gel improves erectile function and mood in men with low testosterone within 30 days.
December 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Short-acting testosterone injections in a clinic are a preferred treatment for low testosterone because they work well, are convenient, and patients stick with the treatment.
June 2022 in “International journal of drug delivery technology” Convolvulus arvensis ethanolic extract can potentially promote hair growth and reduce hair loss.
37 citations
,
September 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Intravaginal testosterone cream improves sexual satisfaction and reduces vaginal discomfort in postmenopausal women on breast cancer treatment without affecting hormone levels.
22 citations
,
October 2001 in “Biochemical Pharmacology” GI198745 is more potent and longer-lasting than finasteride, potentially better for treating hair loss.
July 2022 in “International Journal of Health Sciences” Cardiac risk markers help assess heart risk in males with type 2 diabetes and low DHT.
May 2013 in “Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society (Print)” High aldosterone and free testosterone levels link to female hair loss; testing aldosterone may predict hypertension risk.
27 citations
,
April 2011 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” DHT deficiency can disrupt cell connections in rat testes, possibly affecting fertility.
10 citations
,
December 2017 in “Chemosphere” Bisphenol-A (BPA) increases connections between brain cells and boosts their activity, but it blocks the effects of a male hormone on brain cell plasticity.
9 citations
,
November 2019 in “Scientific reports” The AC 2 peptide from Trapa japonica fruit helps protect hair cells and may treat hair loss.
36 citations
,
August 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology” Eccrine sweat gland's clear cells likely cause excessive sweating in hyperhidrosis.
136 citations
,
January 2004 in “Neuroscience” Testosterone increases seizure risk through its conversion to specific neurosteroids.
23 citations
,
January 2016 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy with estradiol and spironolactone can regrow scalp hair in transgender women by lowering testosterone to female levels.
12 citations
,
January 1998 in “Endocrine journal” Saw palmetto extract can block the enzyme that converts testosterone in pig prostate cells.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.
5 citations
,
December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
3 citations
,
February 2023 in “Journal of Experimental Pharmacology” Kigelia africana fruit extract can prevent and reverse prostate enlargement in rats.
2 citations
,
April 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Brassica oleracea extract, glucosinlates, and sulforaphane can boost hair growth and might be used to treat hair loss.
2 citations
,
November 2012 in “InTech eBooks” The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.
2 citations
,
January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” Coffee and tea might help hair growth in balding individuals, but side effects and alternative uses are being considered.
1 citations
,
February 2025 in “Toxicology in Vitro” Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol may help treat hair loss better than current medications.
1 citations
,
January 2020 in “Archives of Medical Research” Formononetin, found in red clover, may treat hair loss with fewer side effects.
October 2025 in “Medical Journal of Babylon” Higher testosterone and lower Vitamin D levels are linked to hair loss in female COVID-19 patients.
658 citations
,
June 2003 in “Endocrine reviews” Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.
251 citations
,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.