6 citations
,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
January 2016 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” Treatment restored normal sexual characteristics and blood condition in a patient with testicular cancer.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.
2 citations
,
May 2018 in “Diagnosis” A 68-year-old woman developed male traits due to a tumor in her ovary, which was removed, returning her hormone levels to normal.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's severe male-like symptoms were caused by a rare, benign tumor in her ovary that produced male hormones.
2 citations
,
April 2007 in “Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals” The conclusion is that tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites can be made and are better converted into dihydrotestosterone in skin cells than in prostate tissue.
11 citations
,
April 2020 in “Andrology” Testosterone replacement therapy, especially intramuscular, raises PSA levels, but no overall link between PSA and testosterone was found except in non-BPH patients.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
1 citations
,
January 2010 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone therapy may help men with osteoporosis.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
5 citations
,
June 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is important for male sexual traits, reproduction, muscle and bone health, blood production, and metabolism, and works both directly and after being changed into other hormones.
10 citations
,
October 2012 in “Andrology” Prostate cancer can progress even with low testosterone due to internal hormone production in the tumor.
9 citations
,
February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
25 citations
,
March 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.
8 citations
,
March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
46 citations
,
July 1974 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Low estrogen and high testosterone may cause excessive hair growth in women.
September 2012 in “African Journal of Urology” Testosterone replacement therapy improves libido, mood, muscle strength, and bone density in men with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome.
1 citations
,
June 2024 in “Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología Diabetes & Metabolismo” The risks of testosterone implants in women outweigh the benefits.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
105 citations
,
June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
4 citations
,
May 2019 in “Biology open” Testosterone reduces heart damage and inflammation after injury.
23 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
34 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Anastrozole can cause increased testosterone, leading to symptoms like hair growth and thinning.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high testosterone in a postmenopausal woman, resolved by surgery.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
May 2023 in “Problems of Endocrinology” Men with high testosterone may have higher morning blood pressure, unlike those with high DHT.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone therapy improves strength and body composition in older men with low testosterone.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire but needs more safety research and should be used with estrogen therapy.