321 citations
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January 2012 in “Cell stem cell” TGF-β2 helps activate hair follicle stem cells by counteracting BMP signals.
5 citations
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March 2019 in “Experimental dermatology” Activating TLR3 may help produce retinoic acid, important for tissue regeneration.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Type 2 inflammation helps wound healing by switching immune cells to repair mode.
TLR2 helps control hair growth and regeneration, and its reduction with age or obesity can impair hair growth.
September 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Transglutaminase 2 may control sebocyte maturation and lipid metabolism.
TLR2 is crucial for hair growth and regeneration, and boosting it can help prevent hair loss.
288 citations
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January 2001 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Tgm2 helps stabilize dying cells and aids fibroblast attachment to the extracellular matrix.
150 citations
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June 1999 in “Oncogene”
April 2015 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” TLR3 activation helps improve skin and hair follicle healing in mice.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Wnt-signaling is regulated differently in skin cells and immune responses during wound healing.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The BMP/Smads pathway and Id2 gene control hair follicle stem cells, affecting their rest and growth phases.
October 2025 in “Science Advances” IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is crucial for causing alopecia areata.
January 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The gp130 receptor helps in tissue regeneration and disease progression, and manipulating it could improve healing and prevent disease.
April 2015 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Activating TLR3 helps improve skin and hair follicle regeneration after wounds.
140 citations
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March 2013 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology” Memory regulatory T cells need IL-7, not IL-2, to stay in peripheral tissues.
44 citations
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January 2013 in “BMC Dermatology” TGFβ signaling prevents sebaceous gland cells from producing fats.
2 citations
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April 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” T cells affect skin cell genes in inflammatory diseases, and therapy can normalize these changes.
5 citations
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June 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology” Increasing Treg cells in the skin does not cure hair loss from alopecia areata in mice.
January 2014 in “Journal of Jilin University” Higher levels of certain immune cells and proteins are linked to more severe lupus symptoms.
July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Inhibiting TYK2 can restore hair growth in alopecia areata.
55 citations
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June 2014 in “Nature Communications” Tcf3 helps cells move and heal wounds by controlling lipocalin 2.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Id2 gene helps keep hair follicle stem cells inactive.
6 citations
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January 2010 in “Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology” The ID2 gene can help distinguish between sensitizers and irritants in skin cells.
October 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Blocking IL-12 can help treat alopecia areata by preventing hair follicle immune issues.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TGF-β signaling is essential for hair follicle regeneration during wound healing.
44 citations
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June 2023 in “Cell Reports” IL-1 promotes fat cell growth in skin, while WNT inhibits it and encourages scar formation.
February 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Activating TLR9 helps heal large wounds and regrow hair by involving a specific type of immune cell.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” October 1984 in “Immunology Today” January 2014 in “eScholarship (California Digital Library)” Toll-like receptor 3 helps repair the skin barrier after UV damage.