28 citations
,
January 2016 in “Vitamins and hormones” Thymosin β4 helps improve skin healing and reduce scarring.
Thymosin β4 helps heal corneal wounds.
15 citations
,
September 2018 in “Applied Biological Chemistry” Matrigel supports cell growth and repair, and thymosin beta 4 aids tissue regeneration and healing.
67 citations
,
January 2020 in “Cellular & Molecular Immunology/Cellular & molecular immunology” Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.
December 2014 in “Journal of Biomedical Research” Recombinant thymosin β4 promotes blood vessel growth and reduces muscle damage.
37 citations
,
April 2013 in “PLoS ONE” Thymosin Beta 4 helps human dental pulp cells develop into tooth-forming cells, suggesting it could aid dental regeneration.
15 citations
,
June 2015 in “PLoS ONE” Thymosin beta-4 promotes hair growth in mice.
3 citations
,
November 2021 in “Protein and Peptide Letters” β-thymosin in invertebrates is more complex and diverse than in vertebrates.
4 citations
,
October 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Thy-1 protein helps improve blood flow and wound healing in the skin.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human hair follicles have their own thyroid hormone system.
32 citations
,
March 2021 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Thyroid hormones are important for skin health and changes in them can affect conditions like hair loss and eczema.
9 citations
,
April 1993 in “Journal of the National Cancer Institute” Interleukin-2 treatment improved hair growth, sexual function, and reduced fungal infection in a patient with thymoma-related symptoms.
53 citations
,
September 2007 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Thymosin beta 4 helps hair grow by boosting stem cell activity.
245 citations
,
October 2015 in “Nature medicine” Hair follicle-derived IL-7 and IL-15 are crucial for maintaining skin-resident memory T cells and could be targeted for treating skin diseases and lymphoma.
April 2024 in “The Journal of experimental medicine/The journal of experimental medicine” Treg cells help repair and regenerate tissues by interacting with local cells.
2 citations
,
March 2019 in “Veterinary dermatology” Thymoma in cats can cause hair loss without inflammation.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” T cells with memory features grow in number and gather around hair follicles when there are not enough immune cells.
31 citations
,
June 2011 in “Journal of the neurological sciences” Removing the thymoma improved the man's autoimmune conditions.
August 2019 in “Journal of Invertebrate Pathology” Thymosin beta 4 protects cells from damage by blocking a harmful microRNA and boosting a protective gene.
October 2022 in “The American journal of gastroenterology” Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity can cause liver damage and affects multiple organs, with limited treatment options and a generally poor prognosis.
January 2019 in “eScholarship (California Digital Library)” Thymus-derived Tregs, not peripherally-derived Tregs, primarily regulate type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse model.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Certain immune cells in atopic dermatitis skin could be targeted for treatment.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Increased regulatory T cell activity may lead to better outcomes in acute diffuse and total alopecia.
The skin plays a key role in immune responses and reflects emotional and stress reactions.
105 citations
,
February 2010 in “Endocrinology” The skin produces and responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone, which is controlled by other thyroid-related hormones.
2 citations
,
April 2013 in “PubMed” Abnormal T-cells from thymomas cause non-motor symptoms in some myasthenia gravis patients.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Androgens reduce THY1 in skin cells, leading to less fat, more fibrosis, and worse healing in males.
34 citations
,
December 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Too much thymosin beta4 causes weird teeth and more hair growth in mice.
2 citations
,
September 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” T-regulatory cells are important for skin health and can affect hair growth and reduce skin inflammation.
May 2005 in “Cancer Research” Melanoma cells lose their ability to form tumors when placed in a zebrafish embryo environment.