71 citations
,
May 2019 in “Rheumatology” Tph cells are linked to the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus.
May 2023 in “Surgical Case Reports” A woman's hair loss improved after removing a tumor in her thymus gland, suggesting hair loss can be linked to such tumors even without a specific muscle weakness condition.
107 citations
,
October 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” T cells and inflammation are crucial in atherosclerosis, with anti-inflammatory treatments showing promise.
15 citations
,
June 2015 in “PLoS ONE” Thymosin beta-4 promotes hair growth in mice.
25 citations
,
April 2012 in “Veterinary and comparative oncology” Megavoltage radiation therapy extended survival in rabbits with thymomas, especially in those weighing more than 1.57 kg.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” IL-17 plays a key role in severe hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.
Different thymic peptides affect hair growth in various ways.
1 citations
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April 1936 in “Journal of Experimental Biology” Hanson's thymus extract sped up growth and development in mice over generations.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” Different γδ T cell types have unique roles in causing alopecia areata.
12 citations
,
December 2022 in “Current Protein and Peptide Science” Thymosin β4 helps in cell activities, healing, and organ preservation, and treats hair loss and skin injuries.
2 citations
,
March 2019 in “Veterinary dermatology” Thymoma in cats can cause hair loss without inflammation.
October 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study concludes that as skin matures from infancy to childhood, there are major changes in cell differentiation, stemness, and growth, leading to a stronger skin barrier in older children.
9 citations
,
April 1993 in “Journal of the National Cancer Institute” Interleukin-2 treatment improved hair growth, sexual function, and reduced fungal infection in a patient with thymoma-related symptoms.
23 citations
,
July 2022 in “Nature Cell Biology” Targeting THY1 can improve skin repair and healing.
Thymosin β4 helps with healing, inflammation, and organ protection.
3 citations
,
March 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Thymosin β4 helps increase hair growth in Cashmere goats.
54 citations
,
August 1981 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Alopecia areata is linked to reduced T cell function and auto-immunity.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Androgens reduce THY1 in skin cells, leading to less fat, more fibrosis, and worse healing in males.
February 2011 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” New findings suggest targeting IL-23 could treat psoriasis, skin cells can adapt to new roles, direct conversion of skin cells to blood cells may aid cell therapy, removing certain tumor cells could boost cancer immunotherapy, and melanoma may have many tumorigenic cells, not just cancer stem cells.
21 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” People with alopecia areata have fewer regulatory T-cells than those with other skin conditions.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Increased regulatory T cell activity may lead to better outcomes in acute diffuse and total alopecia.
30 citations
,
July 2019 in “PloS one” Patients with Alopecia areata have fewer specific immune cells that normally regulate the immune system, which may contribute to the condition.
1 citations
,
November 2024 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Tertiary lymphoid structures are important in immunotherapy and need more research.
53 citations
,
September 2007 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Thymosin beta 4 helps hair grow by boosting stem cell activity.
21 citations
,
December 1997 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Thymectomy and high-dose prednisolone improved hair loss in a woman with alopecia areata.
23 citations
,
July 2023 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” CD8+ T cells drive alopecia areata, while regulatory T cells are protective.
October 2025 in “Science Advances” IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is crucial for causing alopecia areata.
12 citations
,
April 2017 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine” Patients with severe active alopecia areata have lower CD200 expression and an imbalance in their immune system.
September 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Transglutaminase 2 may control sebocyte maturation and lipid metabolism.
7 citations
,
February 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” TH antibodies in vitiligo and AA patients recognize the same protein parts.