5 citations
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December 2021 in “Scientific Reports” Age affects how certain proteins involved in COVID-19 infection are expressed in mice, but sex hormones and heart injury do not.
Finasteride may help reduce COVID-19 infection by altering a key gene.
30 citations
,
February 2021 in “Journal of Medical Virology” TMPRSS2 affects COVID-19 severity and treatment options.
50 citations
,
July 2021 in “Nature Communications” The drug enzalutamide may reduce the ability of the virus causing COVID-19 to enter lung cells.
38 citations
,
January 2020 in “Cell Transplantation” Targeting ACE2 and TMPRSS2 may help prevent or treat COVID-19 in cancer patients.
16 citations
,
August 2021 in “Tumor Biology” TMPRSS2 helps viruses enter cells and protects the prostate from inflammation-related cancer.
4 citations
,
June 2025 in “Medeniyet Medical Journal” TMPRSS2 is crucial for COVID-19 infection and is a potential target for treatment.
2 citations
,
June 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” A prostate cancer drug can lower the levels of a protein that the coronavirus uses to enter lung cells.
1 citations
,
January 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Enzalutamide, a prostate cancer drug, may help prevent COVID-19 by blocking the virus from entering lung cells.
January 2026 in “Journal of Contemporary Medicine” Vitamin D may help prevent or reduce hair loss after COVID-19.
77 citations
,
July 2020 in “European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” Blocking the virus's entry into cells by targeting certain pathways could lead to early COVID-19 treatments.
9 citations
,
June 2023 in “Human Genomics” MX1 and AR genes are linked to milder COVID-19, while TMPRSS2 increases severe risk, especially in women.
January 2021 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Possible link between COVID-19 and hair loss; more research needed.
Matriptase-2 helps control iron levels by suppressing hepcidin, and its deficiency can cause iron-deficiency anemia.
15 citations
,
December 2020 in “Pharmacology Research & Perspectives” Blocking enzymes that help the virus enter cells could be a promising way to treat COVID-19.
14 citations
,
July 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, can affect all endocrine organs and systems, altering their function and potentially leading to disorders. Factors like diabetes and obesity increase infection risk and severity. Understanding these effects is key for effective treatment.
6 citations
,
September 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Severe male balding may increase the risk of serious COVID-19, and treatments that reduce androgens or block a specific enzyme might help protect these individuals.
November 2025 in “Scientific Reports” COVID-19 may cause hair loss by affecting hair follicles.
April 2022 in “Brazilian Medical Students” People with androgenetic alopecia may have a higher risk of severe COVID-19.
36 citations
,
July 2020 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Spironolactone might help protect against severe lung problems in COVID-19 patients.
38 citations
,
May 2021 in “International Journal of Infectious Diseases” Low testosterone may indicate severe COVID-19 in men.
2 citations
,
October 2020 in “Annals of Oncology” Men may be more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 due to genetic and hormonal factors, but more research is needed.
123 citations
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May 2020 in “Drug Development Research” Men's sensitivity to male hormones might affect how severe COVID-19 gets for them.
34 citations
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September 2020 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders” Existing drug dexamethasone may lower death risk in severe COVID-19 cases; more research needed for other drugs.
June 2023 in “SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository” Extracellular vesicles and androgen receptors may help identify prostate cancer resistance and reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection.
15 citations
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April 2022 in “Immunology” Men and women get COVID-19 at similar rates, but men tend to get sicker and have a higher risk of dying, while women usually have stronger immune responses and vaccine reactions.
17 citations
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May 2021 in “Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics” COVID-19 may harm male fertility and damage the reproductive system.
12 citations
,
January 2020 in “touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology” Testosterone may both worsen and protect against COVID-19 effects in men.
October 2020 in “Проблемы эндокринологии” Men with higher androgen levels may have severe COVID-19 symptoms, but those on antiandrogen therapy are less likely to contract the virus and have milder symptoms. Anti-androgen drugs could potentially treat COVID-19, but more research is needed.
228 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology” Men have more severe COVID-19 outcomes than women.