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GlossaryTransepidermal Water Loss

water evaporates from the skin's surface, indicating barrier function

Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) refers to the process by which water passes from the inside of the body through the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin) and evaporates into the environment. It is a key indicator of the skin's barrier function; higher TEWL values suggest a compromised skin barrier, which can lead to dryness, irritation, and conditions like eczema.

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research Effects of dietary camelina, flaxseed, and canola oil supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative markers, transepidermal water loss, and coat quality in healthy adult dogs

7 citations , March 2023 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science”

Camelina oil can improve dog coat quality like flaxseed and canola oils.

research LB948 AI-based customization in hair loss treatment: A 6-month clinical trial with transepidermal water loss and scanning electron microscopy analysis

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Skin Manifestations and Biophysical Properties in Patients With Morbid Obesity and Changes After Weight Loss: A Two-Year Prospective Study

research 393 Skin manifestations and biophysical properties in patients with morbid obesity and changes after weight loss: A two-year prospective study

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Weight loss surgery improved several skin conditions in obese patients but often caused hair loss.

Amelioration of Symptoms of Dry and Eczema-Prone Skin by an Oil-in-Water Emulsion Containing a Combination of Zingiber Officinale Root Extract and CBD with Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro

research 599 Amelioration of symptoms of dry and eczema-prone skin by an oil-in-water emulsion containing a combination of a zingiber officinale root extract and cbd with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

An oil-in-water emulsion with CBD and ginger root extract significantly improved symptoms of dry and eczema-prone skin.

research Artificial Intelligence-Based Personalization of Treatment Regimen for Hair Loss: A 6-Month Clinical Trial.

February 2025 in “PubMed”

AI-personalized hair loss treatments improved hair growth and scalp health without side effects.

research Loss of Keratin K2 Expression Causes Aberrant Aggregation of K10, Hyperkeratosis, and Inflammation

32 citations , April 2014 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Loss of keratin K2 causes skin problems and inflammation.

research The acyl-CoA binding protein is required for normal epidermal barrier function in mice

31 citations , July 2012 in “Journal of Lipid Research”

ACBP is crucial for healthy skin in mice.

25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 Alpha-Hydroxylase Is Required for Optimal Epidermal Differentiation and Permeability Barrier Homeostasis

research 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase Is Required for Optimal Epidermal Differentiation and Permeability Barrier Homeostasis

140 citations , April 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The enzyme 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase is essential for healthy skin and recovery after skin damage.

research Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff

93 citations , April 2012 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Improving skin barrier and using antifungal treatments can help manage dandruff.

research Obesity resistance of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-deficient (scd1 ^-/-) mouse results from disruption of the epidermal lipid barrier and adaptive thermoregulation

87 citations , March 2007 in “Biological Chemistry”

Deleting the scd1 gene in mice prevents obesity by disrupting skin lipids and improving heat regulation.

research Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Properties of Plant Extract from Dry Flowers as Functional Dyes for Cosmetic Products

48 citations , May 2021 in “Molecules”

Plant extracts from dry flowers can be used as safe, effective dyes in cosmetics, offering skin protection and anti-aging benefits.

research Severe Skin Permeability Barrier Dysfunction in Knockout Mice Deficient in a Fatty Acid ω-Hydroxylase Crucial to Acylceramide Production

40 citations , July 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Lack of a key enzyme causes severe skin issues and death in mice.

research An investigation of in vivo wound healing activity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles

40 citations , August 2014 in “Journal of Nanoparticle Research”

Silver nanoparticles in gel form can effectively heal wounds.

research Age-Related Changes in Male Skin: Quantitative Evaluation of One Hundred and Fifty Male Subjects

40 citations , July 2013 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

Male skin gets drier and more alkaline as it ages, which may need different skincare than women's skin.

research Alkaline ceramidase 1 is essential for mammalian skin homeostasis and regulating whole‐body energy expenditure

38 citations , April 2016 in “The Journal of Pathology”

Alkaline ceramidase 1 is crucial for healthy skin and energy balance.

research Epidermal mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 controls lipid synthesis and filaggrin processing in epidermal barrier formation

34 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”

mTORC2 is crucial for healthy skin barrier by regulating lipids and filaggrin.

research Caffeine improves barrier function in male skin

33 citations , September 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Caffeine improves male skin's barrier function.

research Conditional knock out of N-WASP in keratinocytes causes skin barrier defects and atopic dermatitis-like inflammation

27 citations , July 2017 in “Scientific Reports”

N-WASP is essential for healthy skin and preventing inflammation.

research Menopause, skin and common dermatoses. Part 2: skin disorders

25 citations , June 2022 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology”

Menopause significantly affects skin health and conditions.

research The risk of hydroquinone and sunscreen over-absorption via photodamaged skin is not greater in senescent skin as compared to young skin: Nude mouse as an animal model

18 citations , May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics”

Aging and sun damage do not increase the skin's absorption of certain sunscreens and drugs.

Non-Invasive Approaches for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune/Autoinflammatory Skin Diseases: A Focus on Psoriasis and Lupus Erythematosus

research Non-invasive Approaches for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune/Autoinflammatory Skin Diseases—A Focus on Psoriasis and Lupus erythematosus

17 citations , August 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Non-invasive methods show promise for diagnosing skin diseases like psoriasis and lupus but need more research for regular use.

research Coumarin derivatives, but not coumarin itself, cause skin irritation via topical delivery

15 citations , February 2014 in “Toxicology Letters”

Coumarin derivatives cause skin irritation, but coumarin itself does not.

research Male skin and ingredients relevant to male skin care

15 citations , March 2012 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Using specific cleansers and moisturizers with niacinamide improves men's skin hydration and health.

research Efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

15 citations , June 2011 in “Journal of Ginseng Research”

Korean Red Ginseng may improve skin condition and reduce allergy markers in atopic dermatitis patients.

research Scalp Biophysical Characteristics in Males with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Comparative Study with Healthy Controls

12 citations , May 2021 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging”

Men with androgenetic alopecia have oilier and less hydrated scalps, especially in sensitive areas.

research Evaluation of changes in skin biophysical parameters and appearance after pneumatic injections of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid in the face

11 citations , March 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy”

Injecting non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid into the face improved skin hydration, texture, pores, and reduced wrinkles.

research Hair removal and bioavailability of chemicals: Effect of physicochemical properties of drugs and surfactants on skin permeation ex vivo

10 citations , June 2019 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

Hair removal methods damage the skin barrier and affect substance penetration.