130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
18 citations
,
August 2019 in “Clinical breast cancer” Local hormonal treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy is likely safe for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
October 2020 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Topical finasteride with EGCG or TA improves drug release and dermal uptake, potentially treating hair loss effectively.
11 citations
,
September 2021 in “Journal of molecular endocrinology” ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.
94 citations
,
August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology” 17α-estradiol boosts aromatase activity in female hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.
26 citations
,
May 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
1 citations
,
January 2000 in “PubMed” The treatment slightly increased hair growth and was safe for most women.
4 citations
,
April 2020 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” Topical finasteride works faster and better than 17α-estradiol for postmenopausal hair loss.
August 2022 in “Journal of drugs in dermatology” Hormone therapy might help improve women's appearance as they age.
38 citations
,
May 2010 in “American Journal Of Pathology” 17β-Estradiol slows wound healing in male mice through estrogen receptor-α.
January 2026 in “Biomacromolecules” A new topical method using peptides boosts hair growth effectively with less finasteride and fewer side effects.
10 citations
,
March 2008 in “DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Estrogen treatments can cause unwanted effects in men and should be used cautiously.
12 citations
,
March 2017 in “Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology” Testosterone helps prevent skin damage in males by acting through both estrogen and androgen pathways.
January 2006 in “Benzina: Revista d'excepcions culturals” Trienones are more effective at inhibiting the enzyme linked to hair loss than dienones.
16 citations
,
January 1998 in “Dermatology” Human sebaceous glands can grow normally for a week without certain growth factors, and adding estrogen reduces their oil production without affecting cell growth.
30 citations
,
December 2001 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Hormonal therapy is a good option for women with severe acne, especially when there's a chance of hormone imbalance.
20 citations
,
December 1995 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Liposomes can make the antiandrogen RU 58841 more effective for skin application by reducing absorption, increasing skin retention, and targeting sebaceous structures.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “EMJ Dermatology” Menopause affects skin and hair, and more research is needed for effective treatments.
3 citations
,
January 1967 Testosterone slightly improved aging skin, while corticosteroids worsened it.
3 citations
,
May 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Changing estrogen levels during menopause might affect genes related to body rhythms and cause increased hair loss.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
1 citations
,
December 2025 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Menopause influences skin conditions, and hormone therapy should be considered in treatment.
May 2026 in “Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces” January 2018 in “Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin)” Polymeric nanoparticles effectively control corticosteroid release and penetration for skin applications.
Choose oral contraceptives with specific side effects to manage issues like acne and avoid unwanted effects.
44 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human hair growth are unclear and need more research.
March 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy can improve sexual health and quality of life for women 70 and older.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology” 72 citations
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November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
January 2007 in “Inpharma Weekly” Dutasteride is more effective for male pattern baldness than finasteride, and black cohosh extract BNO 1055 is as effective as conjugated estrogens in treating postmenopausal symptoms, with added benefits in reducing sweating and mental symptoms.