35 citations
,
June 2017 in “Pharmaceutical research” Researchers developed a model that shows hair follicles increase skin absorption of caffeine by 20%.
16 citations
,
August 2022 in “Drug Testing and Analysis” Transdermal exposure to certain steroids can be detected in urine for up to 14 days.
14 citations
,
February 2015 in “Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association” Dogs exposed to their owners' hormone therapy developed hair loss, but symptoms resolved after stopping the therapy.
20 citations
,
January 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” A woman developed male traits from accidental contact with her husband's testosterone gel.
September 1999 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” The document concludes that skin aging in women can be caused by UV exposure and hormonal changes, and treatments like hormone replacement therapy and various skin therapies can help.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
August 2012 in “Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège)” A castrated dog developed hair loss and prostate issues from long-term exposure to estrogen cream.
4 citations
,
May 2025 in “International Journal of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine” Nanocarriers show promise for improving skin drug delivery in treating skin conditions.
10 citations
,
July 2015 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Estradiol gel can cause hair loss in dogs.
7 citations
,
April 2011 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” A woman's virilization symptoms were caused by her partner's use of testosterone cream, which resolved after they separated.
149 citations
,
September 2017 in “Pharmaceutics” Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.
18 citations
,
March 2009 in “Medical Hypotheses” The document suggests that blocking sweat glands with antiperspirants might allow skin-generated hormones to be absorbed, possibly increasing breast and prostate cancer risk.
151 citations
,
November 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.
67 citations
,
January 2022 in “Theranostics” Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.
41 citations
,
August 2024 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” 3D-printed microneedles improve drug delivery by being precise, cost-effective, and less invasive.
33 citations
,
February 2021 in “Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Transdermal drug delivery systems are effective and promising for future use.
33 citations
,
November 2019 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Microneedles with enhancer effectively promote hair growth and increase hair density.
19 citations
,
October 2020 in “Biomedical Microdevices” Derma rollers show promise for skin improvement and drug delivery, but more research is needed on their safety and effectiveness.
18 citations
,
May 2014 in “Menopause” A 5 mg dose of transdermal testosterone cream effectively restores testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.
14 citations
,
January 2025 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Microemulsions and nanoemulsions can effectively deliver drugs through the skin, but more research is needed to understand their differences and mechanisms.
14 citations
,
March 2020 in “Scientific Reports” Using dual-frequency ultrasound with microbubbles can potentially improve the delivery of hair growth treatment through the skin and enhance hair growth.
13 citations
,
August 2013 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” Researchers created a skin patch that delivers two drugs for treating enlarged prostate, which may improve patient use and dosage control.
13 citations
,
October 2012 in “InTech eBooks” Nanocarriers could improve how drugs are delivered through the skin but require more research to overcome challenges and ensure safety.
5 citations
,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in veterinary science” Improving how drugs are absorbed through the skin could better treat mange in wombats.
3 citations
,
February 2018 in “Australian Veterinary Journal” Veterinarians could test positive for ketamine from work exposure, not just substance abuse.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Lipid nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin, offering stability, controlled release, and better compatibility with skin.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Journal of pharmaceutical and biological sciences” Ethosomes are a promising way to deliver drugs through the skin.
1 citations
,
November 2022 in “Pharmaceutical research” The simulation showed that hypobaric pressure improves drug delivery through the skin, but stretching alone doesn't fully explain the increase.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia” Microneedles offer a painless, effective way to deliver drugs through the skin.
January 2026 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” Multicomponent crystals in microneedles improve drug delivery for hair loss treatment.