4 citations
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November 1998 in “Pediatrics in review” Scalp fungal infections need oral antifungals, while other skin fungal infections can be treated with creams; keep areas dry and don't stop treatment early.
26 citations
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May 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
41 citations
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December 2016 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormone therapy and surgeries for transgender individuals affect their skin and hair, requiring specific dermatologic treatments and respectful care.
May 2023 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” Microneedle patches improve drug delivery for skin treatments and cosmetic enhancements.
7 citations
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October 2024 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” A 4% nanoparticle concentration and 4 Hz massage improve drug delivery into hair follicles.
8 citations
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January 2014 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” Trichostasis spinulosa is a common but often unnoticed skin condition involving bundled vellus hairs, especially in people with darker skin or UV exposure.
8 citations
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May 1982 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Rat skin takes up and processes testosterone differently than other organs, with testosterone being more important for the skin than its metabolite 5α-DHT.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Microneedle arrays deliver botulinum toxin effectively for sweat suppression, similar to injections.
5 citations
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December 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Skin cells might help spread prion diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
September 2022 in “Dermatologic Therapy”
Topical therapy principles guide how to properly apply treatments directly to the skin.
April 2026 in “Reviews in Medical Virology” Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare skin condition linked to weakened immune systems, mostly in organ transplant patients.
35 citations
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January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
January 2022 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Nanoparticles in sunscreen are generally safe as they stay on the skin's surface.
22 citations
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August 2013 in “PLOS ONE” The method safely and efficiently delivers genes to the skin but may not work for conditions needing high levels of gene products.
44 citations
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August 2010 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia areata seriously lowers quality of life, especially affecting self-image, mental health, and social life.
11 citations
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November 2023 in “Skin Research and Technology” A 2 mm needle is effective and precise for skin injections.
38 citations
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March 2015 in “Journal of controlled release” IMSG nanoparticles improve vaccine delivery and immune response through hair follicles.
January 2026 in “Biomacromolecules” A new topical method using peptides boosts hair growth effectively with less finasteride and fewer side effects.
50 citations
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December 2000 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Hair follicles significantly enhance electroosmotic transport during iontophoresis.
10 citations
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December 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
15 citations
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February 2011 in “Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine” The best method for transplanting skin cells to regenerate hair follicles is the Hemi-vascularized sandwich method, as it produces more mature follicles and promotes hair growth.
2 citations
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January 2016 Optimized formulations with specific ingredients can significantly improve skin delivery of topical drugs.
5 citations
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May 2020 in “Pharmaceutical Research” Heat and chemicals improve finasteride delivery to scalp and hair follicles, potentially enhancing treatment for hair loss.
5 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Minoxidil absorption in skin is slowed by cleansing, depends on how long it stays on the skin, and is not much affected by reapplication.
2 citations
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June 2024 in “International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology” Advanced delivery systems can make dithranol more effective and less irritating for treating psoriasis.
19 citations
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March 2016 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare skin disease in immunocompromised patients caused by a specific virus targeting hair follicle cells.
159 citations
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July 2014 in “Molecular pharmaceutics” New micelle nanocarriers deliver Tacrolimus more effectively to skin layers for psoriasis treatment than the current Protopic ointment.
6 citations
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February 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
263 citations
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February 2013 in “Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology” Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.