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March 1998 in “Oncogene” Overexpression of E2F1 can lead to skin tumors and disrupt hair growth.
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December 2001 in “Endocrinology” Expressing the human vitamin D receptor in skin cells prevents hair loss in certain mice.
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March 2008 in “Journal of Cell Science” The mutation causing Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome leads to severe skin problems and early death in mice.
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November 2012 in “Journal of the National Cancer Institute” The tumor suppressor gene FLCN affects mitochondrial function and energy use in cells.
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July 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Desmoglein 1 can partly make up for the loss of Desmoglein 3 in hair adhesion but not in mucous membranes.
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May 2001 in “Endocrinology” Mrp3 helps in wound healing and hair growth.
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April 2004 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Acute stress increases Y1 receptor gene expression in certain brain areas, but repeated stress does not.
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November 2007 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Stopping alcohol after long-term use causes anxiety and changes brain chemicals.
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August 2007 in “Journal of Surgical Research” Mice genetically modified to produce more Del1 protein had faster hair regrowth.
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August 2020 in “CRC Press eBooks” Hair growth can be influenced by manipulating keratin and growth factor genes.
A new microneedle patch effectively treats hair loss by delivering growth factors to the skin.
December 2011 in “University of Southern California Digital Library” High BMP signaling disrupts hair growth and balance in skin cells.
September 1999 in “Molecular Carcinogenesis” Increased ODC expression makes normally tumor-resistant mice more prone to tumor development.
Suppressing ODC activity reduces tumor growth in hair follicles.
October 2025 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Hormone therapies improve mental health and quality of life for those with gender dysphoria.
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September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.
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September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
August 2025 in “Journal of Affective Disorders” Gender-diverse people face more depression and anxiety, partly due to stress and lower cortisol levels.
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May 2013 in “Andrologia” Cross-sex hormone treatment in transsexual individuals helps understand how sex hormones affect diseases like heart disease and diabetes.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
June 2022 in “European Psychiatry” Eating disorders in gender dysphoria patients may be a coping mechanism for body image issues.
1 citations
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April 2022 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery” India is seeing more cases of gender incongruence and changes in how it's understood and managed legally and medically.
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October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
11 citations
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May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
Gender-diverse individuals face more depression and anxiety, possibly due to unique stress profiles.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.