36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
32 citations
,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
32 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in transgender men with few side effects.
28 citations
,
October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
26 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.
17 citations
,
December 2020 in “Journal of Genetic Counseling” Genetic counselors should be culturally skilled and aware of transgender patients' unique health risks and needs.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
9 citations
,
July 2023 in “Hypertension” Gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase heart disease risk in transgender individuals.
4 citations
,
July 2021 in “Dermatology and therapy” Hormone therapy increases facial and body hair in transgender men, while hair removal improves well-being in transgender women, but cost is a barrier as insurance often doesn't cover it. Dermatologists can use various treatments for these hair issues.
4 citations
,
November 2017 in “Hair transplant forum international” Hair transplants are effective for some women and many male-to-female transgender patients if done carefully by an experienced team.
3 citations
,
February 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Feminizing hormone therapy increases hair counts and improves hair-related quality of life, while masculinizing therapy may reduce large terminal hairs.
1 citations
,
July 2025 in “BMC Psychology” Social rejection can harm long-term mental health in transgender individuals.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “Medicina” Hormone therapy improves mental well-being in transgender individuals but requires ongoing health monitoring.
1 citations
,
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Testosterone treatment may affect heart response to stress in transgender men.
1 citations
,
January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Skin issues from testosterone therapy in transgender men can be managed with combined dermatology and endocrinology care.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Skin issues from testosterone therapy in transgender men can be managed with combined dermatology and endocrinology care.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology” January 2005 in “Enlighten: Publications (The University of Glasgow)” Melanocyte pathology requires keratinocyte hyperplasia and regulation dysfunction.
7 citations
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May 2010 in “Drug Delivery” Retinoic acid and DMSO improve gene delivery to mouse skin for potential hair and skin disease treatment.
108 citations
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July 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Overexpressing Dsg3 in mice skin causes excessive cell growth and abnormal skin development.
94 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Too much keratin 16 in mice skin causes abnormal skin thickening and structure.
49 citations
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August 2004 in “The FASEB Journal” Mice with human skin protein K8 had more skin problems and cancer.
28 citations
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May 2000 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” The Walleye dermal sarcoma virus cyclin causes excessive skin cell growth in mice.
25 citations
,
September 1995 in “Biochemistry and Cell Biology” High levels of human keratin 16 in mice cause skin lesions and abnormal skin development.
18 citations
,
October 2013 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” A specific combination of chemicals effectively expands genetically modified skin cells for potential use in skin therapy.
4 citations
,
February 2025 in “Endokrynologia Polska” Provide individualized, supportive care for transgender and non-binary adolescents to improve their well-being.
January 1990 in “UCL Discovery (University College London)” The guinea pig α-lactalbumin gene was successfully expressed in the mammary glands of transgenic mice.
135 citations
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October 1999 in “Journal of Cell Science” Overexpressing PKCα in mice skin increases inflammation but doesn't affect tumor growth.
66 citations
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October 2013 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” The conclusion is that published guidelines are improving transgender medical care, but more research and education in transgender medicine are needed.