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GlossaryTransmembrane Protein

spans the entire cell membrane, facilitating transport and signaling

A transmembrane protein, also known as an integral membrane protein, is a type of protein that spans the entire lipid bilayer of a cell membrane. These proteins play crucial roles in various cellular processes, such as transporting molecules across the membrane, acting as receptors for signaling molecules, and maintaining the cell's structural integrity.

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Male Balding as a Major Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19: A Possible Role for Targeting Androgens and Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 to Protect Vulnerable Individuals

research Male balding as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19: A possible role for targeting androgens and transmembrane protease serine 2 to protect vulnerable individuals

6 citations , September 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Severe male balding may increase the risk of serious COVID-19, and treatments that reduce androgens or block a specific enzyme might help protect these individuals.

Androgenetic Alopecia as a Complication of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

research Alopecia androgênica como agravo da infecção por SARS-CoV-2

April 2022 in “Brazilian Medical Students”

People with androgenetic alopecia may have a higher risk of severe COVID-19.

research Role of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Increasing Susceptibility to COVID-19: A Biochemical and Psychological Approach

January 2022 in “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)”

Women with PCOS may be more susceptible to COVID-19 due to hormonal and psychological factors.

research Sex differences in COVID-19: the role of androgens in disease severity and progression

121 citations , November 2020 in “Endocrine”

Male hormones like testosterone may make COVID-19 worse, and testing for sensitivity to these hormones could help predict how severe a patient's symptoms might be. Treatments that reduce these hormones are being explored.

research Cutaneous signs in COVID ‐19 patients: A review

176 citations , May 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

COVID-19 can cause different skin symptoms that may help with early diagnosis and show how severe the disease is.

research Matrix-Degrading Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease Matriptase: Its Role in Cancer Development and Malignancy

12 citations , October 2006

Matriptase imbalance contributes to cancer development and spread.

research The Transmembrane Serine Protease HAT-like 4 Is Important for Epidermal Barrier Function to Prevent Body Fluid Loss

19 citations , March 2017 in “Scientific Reports”

HAT-L4 is crucial for preventing body fluid loss by maintaining skin barrier integrity.

research Epithelial Integrity Is Maintained by a Matriptase-Dependent Proteolytic Pathway

137 citations , October 2009 in “The American journal of pathology”

Matriptase is crucial for keeping epithelial tissues healthy and functioning properly.

research Matriptase: Potent Proteolysis on the Cell Surface

165 citations , January 2006 in “Molecular Medicine”

Matriptase is crucial for skin, hair, and immune cell health, and its imbalance can lead to cancer.

research Spiking dependence of SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenicity on TMPRSS2

30 citations , February 2021 in “Journal of Medical Virology”

TMPRSS2 affects COVID-19 severity and treatment options.

research Intramembrane Proteolysis of Astrotactins

8 citations , January 2017 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Astrotactin-2 is cleaved in a specific way that helps understand its maturation.

research Protease activity, localization and inhibition in the human hair follicle

11 citations , August 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

The study suggests that a new protease inhibitor can make hair harder to pull out, potentially reducing hair loss.

research Matriptase-2, A Novel Suppressor of Hepcidin.

November 2009 in “Blood”

Matriptase-2 helps control iron levels by suppressing hepcidin, and its deficiency can cause iron-deficiency anemia.

research A novel mutation in ST14 at a functionally significant amino acid residue expands the spectrum of ichthyosis-hypotrichosis syndrome

11 citations , December 2017 in “Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases”

A new mutation in the ST14 gene broadens the understanding of ichthyosis-hypotrichosis syndrome.

research Annotated Patent Selections

January 2000 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents”

The document highlights various patents for new compounds with potential treatments for multiple diseases, including cancer, hormonal disorders, and diabetes.

research Ichthyosis, Follicular Atrophoderma, and Hypotrichosis Caused by Mutations in ST14 Is Associated with Impaired Profilaggrin Processing

99 citations , October 2008 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Mutations in the ST14 gene cause skin and hair issues by disrupting important protein processing.

research Targeting host cell proteases as a potential treatment strategy to limit the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the respiratory tract

15 citations , December 2020 in “Pharmacology Research & Perspectives”

Blocking enzymes that help the virus enter cells could be a promising way to treat COVID-19.

Computational Screening of Repurposed Drugs and Natural Products Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease as Potential COVID-19 Therapies

research Computational screening of repurposed drugs and natural products against SARS-Cov-2 main protease (Mpro) as potential COVID-19 therapies

September 2020 in “arXiv (Cornell University)”

Some existing drugs and natural products might work against COVID-19 by targeting the virus's main protease.

research Structure of human steroid 5α-reductase 2 with the anti-androgen drug finasteride

30 citations , October 2020 in “Nature Communications”

Finasteride irreversibly affects human steroid 5α-reductase 2, providing insight into its catalytic mechanism and disease-related mutations.

Basic Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Implications for Endocrine Systems

research Basic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. What endocrine systems could be implicated?

14 citations , July 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders”

SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, can affect all endocrine organs and systems, altering their function and potentially leading to disorders. Factors like diabetes and obesity increase infection risk and severity. Understanding these effects is key for effective treatment.

research Overexpression of Lnk in the Ovaries Is Involved in Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

11 citations , July 2016 in “Endocrinology”

Higher Lnk protein levels in ovaries may lead to insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Cardiac and Renal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Entry Protein Regulation by Androgens and Diet: Implications for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and COVID-19

research Cardiac and Renal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Entry Protein Regulation by Androgens and Diet: Implications for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and COVID-19

3 citations , September 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Androgens and a high-fat diet may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 in women with PCOS by upregulating certain proteins in the heart and kidneys.

research Matriptase Expression and Zymogen Activation in Human Pilosebaceous Unit

9 citations , September 2013 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry”

Matriptase is highly active in hair follicles and sebaceous glands, especially during hair growth phases.

research Natural Products as A Promising Therapy for SARS COV-2; An Overview

3 citations , June 2021 in “Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)”

Natural products like flavonoids and phenolics may help treat or prevent COVID-19.

research Delineation of Matriptase Protein Expression by Enzymatic Gene Trapping Suggests Diverging Roles in Barrier Function, Hair Formation, and Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis

100 citations , May 2006 in “American Journal Of Pathology”

Matriptase is crucial for skin barrier, hair growth, and may contribute to skin cancer.

research LEKTI: Netherton Syndrome and Atopic Dermatitis

1 citations , February 2013 in “InTech eBooks”

LEKTI is crucial for skin barrier and immune function, affecting conditions like Netherton syndrome and atopic dermatitis.

Functional Identification of the Phosphorylation Sites of Arabidopsis PIN-FORMED3 for Its Subcellular Localization and Biological Role

research Functional identification of the phosphorylation sites of Arabidopsis PIN-FORMED3 for its subcellular localization and biological role

47 citations , April 2012 in “The Plant Journal”

Phosphorylation of certain parts of the PIN3 protein is crucial for its role in plant root growth and response to gravity.

A Case of MBTPS1-Related Disorder Due to Compound Heterozygous Variants in MBTPS1 Gene: Genotype-Phenotype Expansion and the Emergence of a Novel Syndrome

research A case of MBTPS1‐related disorder due to compound heterozygous variants in MBTPS1 gene: Genotype–phenotype expansion and the emergence of a novel syndrome

December 2023 in “American journal of medical genetics. Part A”

A new syndrome was linked to two new genetic changes in the MBTPS1 gene in a 14-year-old girl.

research Nagashima-Type Palmoplantar Keratosis: A Common Asian Type Caused by SERPINB7 Protease Inhibitor Deficiency

24 citations , July 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratosis in Asians is caused by a SERPINB7 gene mutation.

research Perspective Chapter: Repurposing Natural Products to Target COVID-19 – Molecular Targets and New Avenues for Drug Discovery

1 citations , May 2022 in “IntechOpen eBooks”

Natural products might help treat COVID-19, but current drugs like hydroxychloroquine haven't worked.