82 citations
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February 2017 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.
June 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Understanding tissue remodeling can help create precise treatments for various organ issues.
81 citations
,
September 2005 in “The American journal of pathology” Activin helps skin growth and healing mainly through stromal cells and affects keratinocytes based on its amount.
16 citations
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May 2006 in “PubMed” Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone helps manage skin inflammation and protect against UV damage.
23 citations
,
May 2023 in “Cell Proliferation” TGF-β and FGF pathways are crucial for skin development and regeneration.
45 citations
,
October 2008 in “Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews” Activins and follistatins, part of the TGFβ family, are crucial for hair follicle development and skin health, affecting growth, repair, and the hair cycle.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Stem cell activity influences autoimmune disease outcomes by affecting immune responses and tissue regeneration.
April 2024 in “The Journal of experimental medicine/The journal of experimental medicine” Treg cells help repair and regenerate tissues by interacting with local cells.
December 2022 in “KSBB Journal” Activating TLR3 boosts autophagy gene expression in skin cells.
32 citations
,
March 2013 in “EMBO journal” The plant hormone auxin activates the TOR pathway, affecting gene expression related to growth and cell size.
Thymosin β4 helps with healing, inflammation, and organ protection.
156 citations
,
December 2012 in “Cell Stem Cell” TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.
Regulatory T cells enhance bone formation by influencing cell mechanics.
110 citations
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April 2009 in “Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton” β‐thymosins, especially thymosin β4, help in heart protection, wound healing, and hair growth by stabilizing actin in cells.
November 2011 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TRH in hair follicles can influence hair color by increasing melanin.
6 citations
,
April 1996 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” TGF-alpha is present in sheep and ferret skin and may affect hair growth without directly stimulating cell proliferation.
14 citations
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July 2021 in “Bioscience Reports” Activating Tgr5 may help treat hair loss and bone loss.
32 citations
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March 2021 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Thyroid hormones are important for skin health and changes in them can affect conditions like hair loss and eczema.
5 citations
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June 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” TGF-β and TNF influence hair follicle cell fate, with TNF being more effective in triggering cell death.
2 citations
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February 2018 in “InTech eBooks” TNF-alpha inhibitors can cause various immune-related skin issues.
13 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” Thymosin β4 may boost hair growth by aiding stem cell movement and blood vessel formation.
5 citations
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June 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is important for male sexual traits, reproduction, muscle and bone health, blood production, and metabolism, and works both directly and after being changed into other hormones.
71 citations
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January 2015 in “Journal of molecular cell biology/Journal of Molecular Cell Biology” mTOR signaling helps activate hair stem cells by balancing out the suppression caused by BMP during hair growth.
32 citations
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August 2016 in “Science Signaling” Alopecia areata patients show unique protein activity patterns, suggesting imbalanced signaling pathways.
August 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Activin increases skin tumor formation, skin Tregs help hair growth, lymph-node removal doesn't improve melanoma survival, cells can revert to stem cells in wound healing, and skin bacteria produce peptides that may treat infections.
10 citations
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February 2019 in “Journal of cellular physiology” TGF-β2 helps yak hair follicles enter the regression phase, while HSP70 tries to prevent it.
March 2026 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” LTBP1 is a key regulator in diseases and a potential target for new treatments.
60 citations
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December 1988 in “Journal of Biochemical Toxicology” TCDD reduces EGF receptors in the liver, affecting growth and development.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Muscle around hair follicles controls hair loss by releasing a signal that causes cell death.
115 citations
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August 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Thyroid hormones help hair grow, reduce hair loss, and increase hair pigment.