36 citations
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July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of ethynylestradiol in rats caused growth issues, organ changes, and some tumors, but didn't increase overall tumor rates.
100 citations
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July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.
January 2019 in “ISGE series” Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.
December 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Estrogen increases a growth factor in hair cells which might affect hair loss.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Higher doses of oestradiol implants improve bone density in postmenopausal women.
22 citations
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January 2019 in “Climacteric” Oophorectomy lowers testosterone and estrogen levels in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with postmenopausal women still producing significant testosterone.
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Toxicology” A new method effectively predicts estrogen-related health effects for early screening.
53 citations
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January 1985 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Low-dose oral contraceptives reduced hair growth and testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
1 citations
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November 2024 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” 42 citations
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July 1982 in “PubMed” Loestrin effectively normalizes testosterone levels and improves PCOS symptoms with minimal side effects.
94 citations
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August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology” 17α-estradiol boosts aromatase activity in female hair follicles, potentially helping with hair loss.
4 citations
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January 2006 in “PubMed” DHT deficiency may disrupt rat epididymis function by affecting estrogen receptors.
1 citations
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July 2011 in “Climacteric” Long-term estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women can improve certain health markers, hair loss is common regardless of hormone use, stopping estrogen doesn't increase breast cancer risk, smoking does, and a balanced BMI is linked to lower mortality.
187 citations
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December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
December 2014 in “Bali Medical Journal” Females have higher estrogen receptor levels in hair than males, and these levels decrease in white hair compared to black hair.
3 citations
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April 1977 in “PubMed” The treatment improved acne, seborrhoea, and hirsutism, with some side effects like spotting and nervousness.
9 citations
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March 2008 in “PubMed” Low estrogen compared to androgen may cause female hair loss.
January 2011 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” 4 citations
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February 2009 in “Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey” Testosterone patches can modestly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women not on estrogen therapy.
26 citations
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March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.
26 citations
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January 1994 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Taking spironolactone and linestrenol for androgen excess can lead to lower bone density in young women.
9 citations
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November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
4 citations
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March 2018 in “Systems biology in reproductive medicine” Men born very underweight had higher estrogen levels but normal reproduction compared to normal birth weight men.
7 citations
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March 2011 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Safety” Exemestane is effective and safe for treating certain breast cancers, with mild side effects, but needs more research on long-term effects.
5 citations
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July 1987 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” The treatment temporarily improved symptoms of hyperandrogenism in adolescents.
59 citations
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September 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.
11 citations
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October 1986 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The contraceptive reduced hair growth and altered hormone levels in hirsute women.
November 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Certain ESR1 gene variations may affect hormone levels and fat distribution in women with high male hormone levels.
April 2023 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Estrogen may help improve COVID-19 outcomes, especially in women.
137 citations
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June 2005 in “Climacteric” Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.