8 citations
,
March 2008 in “Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift/Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift” Adding estrogen increased bone mass in a transsexual man undergoing hormone therapy.
76 citations
,
May 2007 in “Menopause International” After menopause, women lose a lot of skin collagen, but estrogen replacement might improve skin health.
10 citations
,
December 2019 in “in Vivo” Testosterone makes the connections in the uterus lining simpler and lowers certain protein levels, which might lead to infertility.
42 citations
,
July 2012 in “PLOS ONE” Estrogen can temporarily slow down hair growth but this can be reversed.
18 citations
,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
37 citations
,
September 2003 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” A substance called Compound 2g can strongly block STS (a hormone-related enzyme) without affecting estrogen levels, making it potentially good for treating breast cancer.
72 citations
,
November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
49 citations
,
October 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women at higher doses.
41 citations
,
July 2001 in “PubMed” Estrogens can reduce DHT production in hair follicles, but are less effective than finasteride and progesterone.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
22 citations
,
January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.
4 citations
,
December 2002 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Estrogens can slow skin aging after menopause, but can't restore youthful skin.
2 citations
,
March 2025 in “Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science” Testosterone is important for women's health, but more research is needed to guide its use.
5 citations
,
June 2004 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.
July 2013 in “e-Jurnal Medika Udayana” Estrogen helps promote hair growth in women with androgenetic alopecia.
1 citations
,
June 2019 in “Current Developments in Nutrition” S-equol supplements significantly reduced menopausal symptoms in most women.
5 citations
,
January 2007 in “Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology” 17β-Estradiol boosts allergic reactions and slows thymus aging in mice.
1 citations
,
November 2019 in “Archives of breast cancer” Some hormone treatments might raise breast cancer risk, while others don't seem to.
3 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” 17α-estradiol extends lifespan and improves metabolism in male mice through the estrogen receptor α.
2 citations
,
December 2013 in “Cancer research” Enobosarm may effectively treat androgen receptor-positive breast cancer with fewer side effects.
Estrogen and its receptors play a key role in hair growth, with differences between males and females.
13 citations
,
January 2005 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Smaller substituents at C-17 enhance the inhibitory activity of progesterone derivatives on 5alpha-reductase.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
3 citations
,
August 2021 in “Nutrition research” Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
18 citations
,
August 2019 in “Clinical breast cancer” Local hormonal treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy is likely safe for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
64 citations
,
January 1985 in “Clinical endocrinology” A combination of desogestrel and ethinyl oestradiol effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women.
A mix of Polygonatum sibiricum and Nelumbinis semen may ease menopause symptoms with fewer side effects.