October 2022 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that personalized hormonal treatments are important for transgender individuals and more research is needed for non-binary treatments.
January 2021 in “Deep Blue (University of Michigan)” Androgen receptors in the brain affect metabolism and reproduction differently in males and females, and may help manage PCOS symptoms in females.
33 citations
,
January 2014 in “Pediatric Research” 7 citations
,
April 2023 in “Biomedicines” Dihydrotestosterone boosts inflammation in fat cells more than testosterone.
6 citations
,
April 2004 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” New progesterone-based compounds can block male hormones.
July 2024 in “Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal” Hormonal therapy for transgender individuals carries health risks but is a personal choice.
38 citations
,
May 1971 in “Clinical genetics” A specific metabolite, not a receptor protein, triggers the production of certain kidney enzymes, but this process is disrupted in mice with a mutation causing testicular feminization.
11 citations
,
November 2021 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Gut microbes significantly affect brain steroid levels.
8 citations
,
April 2022 in “Trends in cancer” Hormone therapy affects cancer risks in transgender individuals differently than in cisgender people, and more research is needed to understand these risks and improve cancer screening guidelines.
90 citations
,
December 2008 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Thyroid-stimulating hormone affects hair follicles but doesn't change hair growth or color.
2 citations
,
March 2003 in “Endocrine Practice” The woman's symptoms and tests suggest her adrenal glands are producing too many male hormones.
75 citations
,
September 2009 in “Dermato-endocrinology” The skin produces and processes hormones, affecting both local and overall body functions.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman developed male characteristics after using unregulated hormone therapy.
3 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Sex hormones affect brain cells differently in males and females.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
Nipple area expansion in mice needs both pregnancy hormones and mechanical strain.
7 citations
,
April 2009 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” Diphenyl ethers can potentially reduce excess oil production when applied on the skin, helping treat conditions like acne.
11 citations
,
July 2015 in “Gene” DHT affects bone growth by altering gene activity in osteoblasts, potentially complicating steroid use.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
2 citations
,
November 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Different substances that activate or block the androgen receptor can affect male development and treat conditions like prostate cancer.
July 2023 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH agonist effectively diagnoses and treats postmenopausal hyperandrogenism from ovarian sources.
173 citations
,
May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.
6 citations
,
February 2022 in “European journal of endocrinology” The method can measure multiple hormones in women's hair and may help identify hormone-related health issues.
37 citations
,
November 2002 in “Biology of Reproduction” Prenatal antiandrogen treatment altered hormone levels in adult spotted hyenas, affecting males and females differently.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's hair loss and other symptoms were due to a rare hormone deficiency treatable with steroids.
December 2018 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Neurohormones help control skin health and could treat skin disorders.
Androgens reduce macrophage receptor expression, affecting immune response, while antiandrogens counteract this effect.
13 citations
,
June 2006 in “Pituitary” A woman with acromegaloidism and normal growth hormone levels had a rare X-Tetrasomy, suggesting a need to study X-chromosome genes for their role in growth and facial development.
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Toxicology” A new method effectively predicts estrogen-related health effects for early screening.
51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.