Endosymbiosis-Inspired Engineering of Mitochondrial-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Supercharges Host Mitochondria via the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway

This study explores a novel method for enhancing diabetic wound healing by transferring functional mitochondria using engineered extracellular vesicles (EVsMito). The research identifies mitochondrial and immunometabolic dysfunction in macrophages as key factors in delayed healing. By employing a coextrusion strategy, EVsMito successfully deliver mitochondria to diabetic macrophages, reversing dysfunction and promoting healing. The transferred mitochondria are processed through the autophagy-lysosome pathway, which is crucial for their therapeutic effect, as disrupting this pathway negates the benefits. This approach offers a promising strategy for mitochondrial transfer and potential treatments for diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.