Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative and Cosmetic Medicine: Safety, Clinical Effectiveness, Therapeutic Applications, and Regulatory Challenges

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly small EVs (sEVs), are promising in regenerative and cosmetic medicine for applications like skin rejuvenation and hair restoration due to their roles in tissue repair and angiogenesis. However, the field faces challenges such as variability in sources and methods, lack of high-quality clinical trials, and regulatory issues. Reports of adverse reactions to unapproved products highlight the need for rigorous validation and oversight. Despite these challenges, EVs hold potential as a therapeutic platform, necessitating further research, standardization, and regulatory frameworks for safe clinical use.