Silk Fibroin and Its Nanocomposites for Wound Care: A Comprehensive Review

Silk fibroin (SF) and its nanocomposites are promising materials for wound care due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties, which support tissue regeneration and drug delivery. They offer advantages such as antibacterial properties, enhanced healing, and reduced immune responses compared to traditional materials like collagen. SF can be processed into various forms, including films, hydrogels, and nanofibers, and when combined with nanoparticles, they improve wound recovery and show minimal toxicity. Despite challenges in commercial availability and standardization, SF-based dressings are effective in promoting complete healing and are being explored for advanced applications like smart diagnostic dressings and 3D bioprinting. The review emphasizes the need for further research to optimize these materials for clinical use, particularly in developing countries.