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Researchers developed a reliable method to measure testosterone and epitestosterone in urine for medical and anti-doping use.

New chemical compounds were made that effectively block an enzyme linked to prostate growth.

The human type II 5α-reductase gene, linked to certain male health conditions, has a specific structure and low similarity to other related genes.

Hair can reliably measure average estradiol levels over months in humans and monkeys.

The conclusion is that tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites can be made and are better converted into dihydrotestosterone in skin cells than in prostate tissue.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Researchers found new potential treatments for conditions related to the androgen receptor, like male hormonal contraception, by testing thousands of compounds.

Including androgens in hormone therapy may lower breast cancer risk.

Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.

Nuclear AR levels give better insight into hormone effects in skin conditions.

A brain-made hormone can protect against memory-related brain damage caused by harmful proteins.

Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.

Hair levels of estradiol and progesterone are higher in premenopausal than postmenopausal women, but the difference isn't statistically significant, indicating the need for a better measurement method.

5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.

Overexpression of E2F1 can lead to skin tumors and disrupt hair growth.

DHEA acts like a male hormone on rat skin glands and doesn't turn into female hormones there.

Some cannabinoid derivatives may be more effective than current drugs at targeting proteins relevant to prostate cancer treatment.

14,15-EET may help reduce poststroke pain by affecting certain brain proteins.

Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.

Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.

Dihydrotestosterone specifically binds to hamster sebaceous glands, with a higher affinity than testosterone.

Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.

The methods accurately measured brain androgens, showing most 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol comes from outside the brain, while androsterone is both transported and made in the brain.

Human sebaceous glands can grow normally for a week without certain growth factors, and adding estrogen reduces their oil production without affecting cell growth.

The human type II 5α-reductase gene has a specific structure important for understanding certain medical conditions.

The method is quick and effective for testing steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors.

A new method accurately measures nine specific hormones in human blood.