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July 2024 in “Heliyon” Steroid 5α-reductase evolved from protists and diversified in eukaryotes, with specific roles in mammals and plants.
43 citations
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July 2003 in “Andrology” Hormonal male contraception is effective and could be market-ready, but more research is needed to ensure safety for all ethnic groups.
April 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” The research found that androgens help control blood flow in the rat prostate through a specific binding site.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.
TrichoSol™ effectively stabilizes various hair treatment ingredients for different durations.
January 2004 in “Elsevier eBooks” Anti-androgen drugs can treat conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness by blocking effects of testosterone and DHT.
January 2023 in “International Journal of Trichology” Bicalutamide mesotherapy may help with hair loss and seborrhea but needs more research.
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January 1989 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Women with hyperandrogenism have higher androgen levels and lower SHBG, which may contribute to conditions like excessive hair growth and early puberty.
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January 1989 in “The Prostate/The prostate” Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
January 2020 in “Química Nova” The PW91 method is best for calculating the basic physical and chemical properties of Finasteride, a drug used for prostate issues and hair loss.
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September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” 3 citations
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January 2018 in “Frontiers in bioscience” Daily subcutaneous testosterone effectively restores testosterone levels in men.
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November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
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April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
May 2025 in “UNESP Institutional Repository (São Paulo State University)” The 5 mg dose of oral minoxidil is not more effective than the 2.5 mg dose for treating male hair loss.
Bicalutamide does not significantly affect liver enzymes and is a safe anti-androgen option for transfeminine individuals.
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May 1982 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Rat skin takes up and processes testosterone differently than other organs, with testosterone being more important for the skin than its metabolite 5α-DHT.
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January 2013 in “MedChemComm” PF-05314882 selectively activates androgen receptors without much effect on prostate and may help in prostate cancer treatment and hair loss prevention.
2 citations
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September 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” SARMs show promise but need more evidence to prove they're better than traditional androgens.
December 2019 in “Arak Medical University Journal” Adding 7% chamomile extract to minoxidil reduces skin side effects in treating male hair loss.
January 2015 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 1 citations
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November 2021 in “British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology” Saw palmetto may cause erectile dysfunction and needs better safety monitoring.
44 citations
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January 2007 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” Black pepper leaf extract contains compounds that can block testosterone effects and promote hair growth.
59 citations
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February 2021 in “BMJ” High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.
75 citations
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August 2006 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” The eucalyptus oil system improved skin delivery of hormones, but safety concerns remain.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increases oil production in skin cells by activating mTOR, and mTOR inhibitors can reduce this effect.
7 citations
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April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
May 2026 in “ACS Catalysis” Efficient enzyme function relies on specific residue interactions and structural coordination.
50 citations
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December 2006 in “Bone” Exemestane may protect bones by stimulating osteoblast growth through androgen-related pathways.