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GlossaryAndrogen Receptor Gene

encodes a protein that binds male hormones like testosterone

The Androgen Receptor Gene (AR Gene) is a gene located on the X chromosome that encodes the androgen receptor, a protein that binds to androgens, which are male hormones like testosterone. This receptor plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics, and mutations in the AR gene can lead to conditions such as androgen insensitivity syndrome and contribute to hair loss disorders like androgenetic alopecia.

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A Variant of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Is Not Associated with Adrenal Androgen Excess in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

research A variant of the glucocorticoid receptor gene is not associated with adrenal androgen excess in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

20 citations , December 2000 in “Fertility and Sterility”

The N363S gene variant does not cause higher adrenal androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

research Novel Androgen Receptor Gene Variant Containing a Premature Termination Codon in a Patient with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

1 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology”

A new genetic change causing early stop in the androgen receptor gene was found in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.

research Evidence for two independent functional variants for androgenetic alopecia around the androgen receptor gene

26 citations , September 2010 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Two gene areas linked to male pattern baldness found, more research needed.

research The Glucocorticoid Resistance Syndrome. Two Cases of a Novel Pathogenic Variant in the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene

December 2023 in “JCEM case reports”

A new gene variant causes glucocorticoid resistance in a mother and son.

Androgen Receptor Genetic Variant Predicts COVID-19 Disease Severity: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Hospitalized COVID-19 Male Patients

research Androgen receptor genetic variant predicts COVID‐19 disease severity: a prospective longitudinal study of hospitalized COVID‐19 male patients

26 citations , September 2020 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

A certain genetic variant in the androgen receptor may predict the severity of COVID-19 in men.

research Susceptibility variants on chromosome 7p21.1 suggest HDAC9 as a new candidate gene for male-pattern baldness

51 citations , November 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

A gene called HDAC9 might be a new factor in male-pattern baldness.

research Genetic analysis of the role of androgen metabolism in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer

December 2004 in “SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)”

Certain genetic markers can indicate a person's risk of developing prostate cancer.

research Genetic Variation in the Human Androgen Receptor Gene Is the Major Determinant of Common Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia

195 citations , June 2005 in “American Journal of Human Genetics”

Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.

Lack of Concordance and Linkage Disequilibrium Among Brothers for Androgenetic Alopecia and CAG/GGC Haplotypes of the Androgen Receptor Gene in Mexican Families

research Lack of concordance and linkage disequilibrium among brothers for androgenetic alopecia and CAG/GGC haplotypes of the androgen receptor gene in Mexican families

2 citations , July 2015 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

No clear link between specific gene and hair loss in Mexican brothers.

research Polymorphism of the Androgen Receptor Gene is Associated with Male Pattern Baldness

299 citations , March 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Male pattern baldness is linked to specific genetic variations in the androgen receptor gene.

Polymorphisms of the Androgen Receptor Gene and the Estrogen Receptor Beta Gene Are Associated with Androgen Levels in Women

research Polymorphisms of the Androgen Receptor Gene and the Estrogen Receptor β Gene Are Associated with Androgen Levels in Women1

93 citations , June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.

Relationship Between Betacoronaviruses and the Endocrine System: A New Key to Understand the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Comprehensive Review

research Relationship between betacoronaviruses and the endocrine system: a new key to understand the COVID-19 pandemic—A comprehensive review

23 citations , February 2021 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation”

Betacoronaviruses, like COVID-19, may cause hormone system dysfunction and affect disease susceptibility and severity.

research Association of AR rs6152G/A gene polymorphism with susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women

15 citations , January 2010 in “Reproduction, Fertility and Development”

A certain gene variant may increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women.

research An interview Drs. Felix Brockschmidt and Markus Nöthen about the genetics of androgenetic alopecia

September 2009 in “Hair transplant forum international”

Genetic testing can help understand male pattern baldness.

Immunological Aspects and Gender Bias During Respiratory Viral Infections Including Novel Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): A Scoping Review

research Immunological aspects and gender bias during respiratory viral infections including novel Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19): A scoping review

11 citations , May 2021 in “Journal of Medical Virology”

Men are more likely to have severe respiratory viral infections like COVID-19 due to hormonal and genetic differences, while women generally have stronger immune responses.

research Androgen Receptor Polymorphism-Dependent Variation in Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentrations of European Men

9 citations , September 2014 in “Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention”

Certain genetic variants in the androgen receptor are linked to higher PSA levels, potentially affecting prostate cancer screening outcomes.

research Sex differences in COVID-19: the role of androgens in disease severity and progression

121 citations , November 2020 in “Endocrine”

Male hormones like testosterone may make COVID-19 worse, and testing for sensitivity to these hormones could help predict how severe a patient's symptoms might be. Treatments that reduce these hormones are being explored.

research DEFINING THE ROLE OF ABI1 GENE IN PROSTATE CANCER PROGRESSION AND TREATMENT RESISTANCE

January 2024 in “Wiadomości Lekarskie”

The ABI1 gene contributes to prostate cancer progression and treatment resistance.

research Perspectives of Kennedy's disease

65 citations , September 2010 in “Journal of the Neurological Sciences”

Kennedy's disease leads to muscle weakness and sensory issues, has no cure but manageable symptoms, and future treatments look promising.

Social Selection Favors Offspring Prone to the Development of Androgenetic Alopecia

research Social selection favours offspring prone to the development of androgenetic alopecia.

February 2018 in “PubMed”

Society's pressure to have children later in life favors genes that increase the risk of early baldness in male offspring.

research Genetic basis of polycystic ovary syndrome

18 citations , July 2010 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism”

The document concludes that PCOS has a strong genetic component, but more research is needed to fully understand the specific genes involved.

research Genetic and hormonal influence on SARS-CoV-2-infection susceptibility

2 citations , October 2020 in “Annals of Oncology”

Men may be more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 due to genetic and hormonal factors, but more research is needed.

research Genomic Markers and Personalized Medicine in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

August 2024 in “Cosmetics”

Personalized treatments for hair loss are becoming more effective by using genetic information.

research Sexual steroid regulation of spermatogenesis: new actors enter the stage

June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)”

Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.

Therapeutic Hotline: Genetic Variations in the Androgen Receptor Gene and Finasteride Response in Women with Androgenetic Alopecia Mediated by Epigenetics

research THERAPEUTIC HOTLINE: Genetic variations in the androgen receptor gene and finasteride response in women with androgenetic alopecia mediated by epigenetics

16 citations , March 2011 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Women with greater androgen sensitivity respond better to finasteride for hair loss.

research Androgen receptor gene polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome

45 citations , November 2012

The conclusion is that androgen receptor gene polymorphism might be a marker for polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed.

research No Evidence that 2D:4D is Related to the Number of CAG Repeats in the Androgen Receptor Gene

40 citations , January 2013 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

Finger length ratios are not linked to the number of specific gene repeats affecting testosterone sensitivity.

research Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

44 citations , January 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility”

Longer CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene are linked to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS.

Evidence of Increased DNA Methylation of the Androgen Receptor Gene in Occipital Hair Follicles from Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

research Evidence of increased DNA methylation of the androgen receptor gene in occipital hair follicles from men with androgenetic alopecia

24 citations , March 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Men with hair loss have more DNA changes in back-of-head hair follicles, possibly protecting them from thinning.

research Polymorphism of CAG and GGN repeats of androgen receptor gene in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

9 citations , September 2015 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online”

Longer GGN repeats in the androgen receptor gene are linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.