33 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
Cornification is the process where living skin cells die to create a protective barrier, and problems with it can cause skin diseases.
61 citations
,
February 1982 in “Cell and Tissue Research”
March 2026 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Cystic panfolliculoma is a rare, harmless tumor that can be confused with other skin tumors.
September 2020 in “Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology” The report shows that a rare benign tumor was successfully removed from inside the mouth to avoid scarring on the face.
15 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
17 citations
,
August 2014 in “The Anatomical Record” Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
June 2018 in “Dermatologic Surgery” 2 citations
,
October 1931 in “Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology” A rare scalp infection in a child developed into a kerion with additional skin symptoms.
2 citations
,
June 2003 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” A unique case of skin cancer showed unusual calcification, possibly linked to calcium-binding proteins.
January 2021 in “Indian dermatology online journal” The document lists various skin conditions and structures named "corona" that are not related to the coronavirus.
4 citations
,
February 2022 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Porocarcinoma generally has low rates of recurrence, spread to lymph nodes, and death.
82 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
72 citations
,
December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
2 citations
,
June 2012 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” A rare neck cyst in a 47-year-old man showed diverse skin cell types and was not linked to HPV.
30 citations
,
January 1994 in “Micron” Mature hair surfaces are formed by keratinized cells with developed layers, not just modified plasma membranes.
10 citations
,
May 2012 in “Journal of Craniofacial Surgery” Cerament effectively corrected forehead irregularities in one patient, and various surgical techniques successfully reconstructed perioral soft tissue in 14 patients.
86 citations
,
April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
2 citations
,
November 2006 in “Pump Industry Analyst” Pilomatricomas don't follow the usual hair follicle cell differentiation process.
24 citations
,
May 2000 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Pseudopelade can affect both the scalp and beard, causing hair loss.
4 citations
,
June 2016 in “Journal of Pharmacopuncture” Cornu cervi pantotrichum pharmacopuncture solution helps mice grow hair by increasing hair follicle cell growth and a growth factor important for hair development.
August 2024 in “Clinical Case Reports” Pilomatricoma is a rare, benign skin tumor that requires surgical removal for best results.
44 citations
,
May 2008 in “Acta Zoologica” Keratinization in embryos helped vertebrates adapt to land by forming a protective skin barrier.
26 citations
,
August 2007 in “Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger” Feathers become harder as they develop due to a change in keratin type.
375 citations
,
June 2013 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research” Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.
December 2010 in “HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)” The cornea develops independently of the lens, following its own default pathway.
4 citations
,
August 2008 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery” The flap effectively sealed leaks and served as a barrier, with minor complications, for anterior skull base surgery.
7 citations
,
December 2011 in “Annals of anatomy” Involucrin helps strengthen the inner parts of human hair.
27 citations
,
May 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
May 2025 in “Journal of Developmental Biology” Jawless vertebrates have teeth proteins similar to those in mammalian hair and nails.